Inspiring Quotes - Inspirational Quotes For Stress Relief

Often, a shift in perspective can help relieve the stress of a variety of situations; thats where inspiring quotes can be not just fun to read, but great for stress management as well. The following group of inspirational quotes goes a step further--each quote is followed up with an explanation on how the concept relates to stress, and a link is supplied to supply you with additional information to take things a step further. The result is a collection of inspiring quotes you can share, and an increase in optimism and motivation as well. Yesterday is gone. Tomorrow has not yet come. We have only today. Let us begin.- Mother Teresa Being fully present today is not only a great way to maximize your success, but its a very effective strategy for relieving stress as well. If you struggle with anxiety and rumination, try mindfulness. We all live with the objective of being happy; our lives are all different and yet the same. -Anne Frank I love this quote. And while different specific things may lead to happiness for each of us, we all tend to respond to the same basic elements, according to positive psychology research. Heres what makes most people happy--what specific things make you happy? Better to do something imperfectly than to do nothing flawlessly. -Robert Schuller Perhaps surprisingly, perfectionists can be LESS productive because the intense focus on perfection can lead to procrastination (or missing deadlines entirely!) and other success-sabotaging side-effects. Do you have perfectionistic tendencies? If so, what might you do today to allow yourself to enjoy a successfully imperfect day? We turn not older with years but newer every day. -Emily Dickinson This is a great quote to remember each birthday, or on days when youre feeling your best times just may be behind you. One thing I started doing for birthdays (and adding to on ho-hum days) is creating a bucket list of great things I still intend to do. What might be on your bucket list? Some of the secret joys of living are not found by rushing from point A to point B, but by inventing some imaginary letters along the way. -Douglas Pagels Sometimes adding some fun activities into your schedule can give you the energy and motivation to handle the work of your day with a smile. Other times, these activities can lighten your mood, or provide you with a sense of meaning that can get you out of bed in the morning. What imaginary letters might lessen your stress today? Never regret. If its good, its wonderful. If its bad, its experience. Victoria Holt I’m a big fan of savoring experiences (the positive psychology way)—that’s easy! Accepting and learning from mistakes is challenging, but no less important for our emotional wellbeing, and positively vital for our stress levels! What mistakes can be embraced and mined for good experience? Being happy doesnt mean that everything is perfect. It means that youve decided to look beyond the imperfections. --unknown Stress relief, like happiness, doesnt come from having a perfect life. It comes from appreciating the great stuff, and coping with the less-than-great stuff. What do you appreciate in life? What can you look beyond? Freedom is mans capacity to take a hand in his own development. It is our capacity to mold ourselves. --Rollo May One of the best ways to change your life is to change the way you think about things. Changing your perspective can change everything. How would your day be better if your thoughts shifted? He who smiles rather than rages is always the stronger. -Japanese Wisdom Its not always easy to do, but if youre able to laugh instead of crying or screaming, stressors are easier to handle. Think of a time when you did this well, and remember your strength. A childs life is like a piece of paper on which every passer by leaves a mark.-Chinese Proverb We are all affected by the experiences we have in life, especially as children. Helping kids learn healthy stress management techniques (and reminding ourselves at the same time, or learning along with them) is one of the best gifts you can give. How might you make a difference in the life of a child today?

Should Students Attend High School For The United States

†¢ The teacher will write the following question on the board, and ask students to guess what they think the percentage or number is. †¢ â€Å"I want you all to guess how many students attending high-school are homeless in the United States?† †¢ The teacher calls on a few students for their guess, then the teacher will reveal the actual number. †¢ How many students attending High School in the United States are homeless? o Last year, 1.36 million public school students were homeless, according to data released by the Department of Education. That’s almost double the amount recorded in the 2006-2007 school year. o http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/homeless-public-school-students_55f997bce4b0b48f67018e4a o â€Å"According to the Department of Education, 1.36 million public school students were homeless for the 2006-2007 school year. That is the most updated information, and so you can imagine how that number has changed in the past ten years.† †¢ â€Å"Why are we looking up the answers to these questions? How are the answers to these questions important in terms of our question, Why does discrimination matter? †¢ â€Å"What are some stereotypes of young people? Please write down all the ways in which you see teenagers being stereotyped. We will discuss what you have written down after.† †¢ The teacher will write the question on the board and instruct students to make a list in their notebooks. †¢ â€Å"What are some of the stereotypes that you all came up with?† o EX: Lazy, always on their cell-phones,Show MoreRelatedUndocumented Students From The United States1491 Words   |  6 Pages Undocumented Students in Georgia Shelby Gonzalez GSMST According to Golden Door Scholar, there are 1.4 million undocumented students in the United States and out of the 1.4 million students, only 7,000 will attend college. 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It was published in 2007, so although it is comprehensive, there have been advancements and changes in how American higher education looks today. To be a more thorough in scope, the Guide (2007) should discuss the factors that influence students’ choices of which higher education institution they attend, how much that choice matters, and how college rankings contribute to those choices. These are important topics to mention because unlike other parts of the world, the United StatesRead MoreFree Community College : Good Or Bad Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesjob titles. It can become difficult for many people to receive a job without a high school and especially a college education. Most jobs in America, from sales manager to registered nurse and even a construction worker in some cases, require an education past high school. 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The Constitution of the United States of America, Amendment XVI states that: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;All persons born or naturalized in the United States of America, and subject to nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;they reside. No state shall make oreRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of American and Canadian Education 865 Words   |  4 Pagesvery interesting. The United States educational system is has three levels however; some school districts may subdivide elementary and secondary students to create separate schools at the middle and junior high level. Once a child turns five they begin kindergarten and stay in elementary until they graduate. From there they attend junior high, grades 5 through 8. 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Catholic schools still existed, but were notRead MoreCalifornia Dream Act Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesReyna Macias English 103 7 November 2011 California Dream Act: Rewarding an Illegal Act Born and raised here in the U.S. many students, and parents for that matter, are currently struggling with the bills, loans, and the stress of trying to stabilize a healthy future for themselves by pursuing an education. When a law like the California Dream Act is passed, it makes those who have done nothing but follow the rules of our legal system, feel as if the right as a legal citizen is being pushed

Collapse of the Ussr Free Essays

string(147) " in cities across the USSR began forming larger political groups known as ‘clubs of socially active citizens’ \(Chubbier, 2001; 190\)\." Stephen Wears Assess the mall factors of the break-up of the soviet Union The break up and dissolution of the soviet union on the 25th December 1991 heralded the end of the Cold War. It ushered In what had been termed ‘the new world order’, furthermore, it was suggested by Francis Fauvism to have signaled the end of history and the battle of ideas which had dominated much of the twentieth century (Huntington, 1996; 31). The ‘clash of civilizations’ had already seen the demise of fascism as a credible force in 1945, the close of 1991 would see the end of communism in Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Collapse of the Ussr or any similar topic only for you Order Now The relatively sudden collapse of the USSR has compelled winkers and analysts to seek answers as to why the world’s second superpower could collapse so quickly and so utterly. Can it be attributed to one single catastrophic event, or is it far more appropriate to place blame on a number of contributing factors? The controversy surrounding the collapse of the USSR has been compared to the collapse of the Roman Empire among others and will also continue to be interpreted and reinterpreted for many years to come (Liqueur 1993; 387). This essay will look at some of the factors which lead to dissolution and assess the importance of each. The key issues that this essay will assess include the problem of he nationalities, the Geographer factor, economic problems, and the social and political upheavals caused by Perestroika and Glasnost. The Geographer factor must be viewed In the context of state of the country he Inherited from his predecessors coupled with the effects of Glasnost and Perestroika. It has been suggested that Glasnost and Perestroika played key roles in hastening the collapse of the world’s second superpower. Glasnost (meaning openness) allowed people to see the flaws In the system and questions were raised as to whether or not communism had been good for Russia. Perestroika (meaning restructuring) also highlighted flaws in the lattice and bureaucratic system that could not be given a quick fix. The economic problems of the USSR have also been cited as a considerable factor in the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The command economy had stifled Innovation and its existence outside of the world economy had caused major problems. Further to this the USSR could not keep up with the military spending of the USA during the 1 sass. Competing against the military spending of the Reagan Administration as well as fighting a protracted war against the Munched in Afghanistan had all but exhausted the economy of the USSR. The nationalities provided a great problem for any ideas of national unity. It has been argued by Lord William Wallace that it would be very difficult for the European union evolve into a unified state because there is a lack of identity and little sense to shared history across the continent (Smith, 2005). This is the same problem facing attempts by soviet leaders to foster a single soviet nationality. The very same Issue had been faced by the Tsarist system before It. One of the few things the nationalities had in common was the centuries of Russian domination. Sitting on what 75 years before had been the Tsarist Russian Empire, the Soviet union faced same problem as had the Tsarist regime, namely the Incredibly republics of the USSR, was made up of many smaller semi-autonomous republics. Russians formed the biggest ethnic group at Just over 50%, followed by the Ukrainians with 15% of the total population. Other nationalities included Zebu; Biliousness; Khaki and Volta Attar among many others. The downfall of the Soviet Union gave an opportunity for peoples across the vast territory from Kampuchea to the Kola Peninsula to glamour for recognition (Dukes, 1998; 332). This suggests that the problem of the nationalities would continue to e a headache for the newly formed Russian Federation. The rise of nationalism added to the troubles faced by the Kremlin during the sass. The growth of the Transactions and Baltic Popular Fronts had brought the problem of the nationalities to the fore when in 1989 the Red Army entered Tidbits to assist the Georgian authorities in putting down a rally. Soviet troops were also used to prop up the communist government of Azerbaijan under threat from nationalist forces (Chubbier, 2001; 195). The Baltic States did not Join the chorus of statements of sovereignty which had come from Astrakhan and Ukraine, this was because they regarded their incorporation into the USSR as an illegal act. They challenged the legality of the Molotov – Robertson pact of 1939 and achieved international support in the form of the American refusal to recognize the annexation of the region (Strayed, 1998; 152-153). The policy of Perestroika can be seen as the catalyst for the increase in nationalism as the planned restructuring of the USSR exposed fundamental flaws in the Soviet system. The policy of Glasnost also exposed corruption within the Caucasian and Central Asian republics, Geographer responded by replacing the Khaki Communist Party leader Sunken with a Russian. This caused a great deal of rioting in Almost (Strayed, 1998; 150-151). Further to the rise of popular front movements within the constituent republics, the Soviet Union was also facing a crisis with its East European satellites due in part to the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika. Glasnost and Perestroika are often cited as the most important factors in speeding the demise of the Soviet Union. Eric Hobbies claims that the only thing that made the soviet system work was the command structure of the party and the state which had been inherited from the days of Stalin (1995; 480). Once again it mimed that reform from the top was going to introduce fundamental change which was to be ultimately uncontrollable. Hobbies also suggests that ‘glasnost amounted to the disintegration of authority’ and ‘perestroika amounted to the destruction of the old mechanisms which made the economy work’ (1995; 483). Perestroika had to an extent legalized dissent, and groups in cities across the USSR began forming larger political groups known as ‘clubs of socially active citizens’ (Chubbier, 2001; 190). You read "Collapse of the Ussr" in category "Papers" This radical departure from the Soviet norm of suppressing membership of political parties other than the Communist Party was acclimated by the decision to stop arrests on the grounds of political activity. The release of political prisoners saw the growth of new organizations outside of the Soviet system, however by 1988 this opposition numbered Just a few thousand (Chubbier, 2001; 191). Glasnost played a major part in the unraveling of the Soviet Union. It brought forward into stark light the myriad of social problems which had 320-321). Part of glasnost and perestroika involved the relaxing of censorship of the press and other media. It was clear to Geographer that hard line censorship was a utile exercise given the increasing public access to western broadcasts, particularly in the aftermath of the Coherency disaster of 1986 (Acton, 1995; 320). It was recognized that reform of the economy and wider society could not happen under the current level of state censorship. Not even Lenin escaped criticism under glasnost, it was claimed that the October revolution had been an unmitigated disaster for Russia, leading the nation on a long road to nowhere (Acton, 1995; 323). Geographer and his policies of glasnost and perestroika soon faced serious problems with regards to implementation of the reforms. It seemed that Geographer was trying to do the impossible by marrying completely opposing concepts, ‘socialism with capitalism, totalitarianism with democracy'(Chubbier, 2001; 194). This was also known as the Geographer Factor. The Geographer Factor stems from the problem of the Soviet Union being too reliant on the top figure in government (Chubbier, 2001; 194). It was almost impossible to override the powers held by Geographer, even if it did mean following his lead to the destruction of the USSR. It can be argued that this same problem led to economic stagnation under Brethren and the less than successful schemes of Khrushchev. Regional fragmentation and the erosion of the USSR as a ‘political and economic empire’ pushed the republics further towards secession, the communist parties in the Baltic States split from the main communist party of the Soviet Union (CUPS). This caused a wave of similar actions in other constituent republics and served to hasten the disintegration of the country. The process of demonstration initiated by Geographer set the Soviet Union on the course to oblivion for it allowed the republics to elect popular governments and vote to secede from the union via referendum. This most significant of these was the referendum held by Ukraine the results of which indicated the will of the people to leave the union. However this is at odds with the referendum set down by Geographer regarding the retention and reform of the USSR, which received overwhelming popular support. Nevertheless the simple fact that the largest republic in the USSR other than Russia had voted to leave the union could only have a catastrophic effect on the future of the country as a whole. Geographer had no choice but to accept these events, as there could be no return to Stalinist era of brutal suppression such as that en during the Hungarian Uprising in 1956. Geographer faced opposition to the introduction of restructuring and openness to the soviet system. The opposition came to a head in August of 1991, the central state bureaucracy made an attempt at regaining political control of the country (Chubbier, 2001; 193). A coup d’Â ©tat was launched in an attempt to reassert conservative values to the Soviet system. Geographer was put under house arrest in Crimea while attempts were made at reversing the damage done by perestroika. This however received no popular support from the public, prompting Boris Yielding to act to put a stop to the coup. Yielding, President of the Russian SF led a three day resistance movement which involved barricades being set up in central Moscow and around the ‘White House’ to prevent the plotters from assuming power (Chubbier, 2001; 193). This proved to be Geographer’s power almost completely eroded, a secret meeting of the leaders of the three main Slavic states declared that the USSR officially ceased to exist. Without a country to lead Geographer tendered his resignation on 25th December 1991. All but five signatures were present on the declaration of the end of the USSR. The Baltic tastes had long maintained their annexation was illegal, Georgia would sign later. The other noticeable absence was that of Mikhail Geographer (Chubbier, 2001 ; 194-195). This essay has given an assessment of the events leading to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Although it cannot be said with any great certainty that any one factor was more influential than another, it must be noted that Glasnost and Perestroika have not been too far away from any of the issues discussed here. The two flagship policies of Geographer had been intended to complement each other, in reality they had the opposite effect. Attempting to Join opposing concepts was a futile exercise which no doubt hastened the demise of the Soviet superpower. The problems faced by the Soviet government ran much deeper than appeared to the Soviet public. Years of economic stagnation and bureaucratic strangulation had left the Soviet Union a spent force by the late sass. Robert Strayed suggests that ‘tinkering with its fragile structures would send it [the USSR] spinning into oblivion’ (1998; 88). One can’t avoid this harrowing assessment being very similar to the assertion made by Doll Hitler shortly before launching Operation Barbarous, hat ‘one has only to kick in the door, and the whole rotten edifice will come crashing down’. Of course this was a statement of propaganda and should be viewed with that in mind. Ultimately the Soviet Union was broken by a series of intertwining events, both long term and short term, some more important than others but each playing a crucial role. Just as the USSR was established on the ruins of the Tsarist Empire, the newly formed Russian Federation is established on the ruins of the USSR, marked by the raising of the Russian Atrocious, watched by a small group of pro-communist supporters. List of References How to cite Collapse of the Ussr, Papers

Carries Out The Marketing Of These Products â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Carries Out The Marketing Of These Products? Answer: Introduction Graincorp is a publically listed company under ASX (Australian Stock Exchange) and the major business of the company is to receive and store the commodities related to grains. The company also offers the logistics and also carries out the marketing of these products. Their vision statement represents what they want and their strategies represent how to achieve those targets. The main objective is to get the identification and become the leader in the world in delivering various retail goods and services in the fast growing retail sector and generating value for the companys shareholders at the same time through providing better working environment and asking the local people in which the company operates to take active part in the business. The strategy of the company is to focus on strengthening the core business of the company. These involve pursuing for the growth opportunities and delivering the return on the capital investment as well as expanding their business with improvement of the efficiency (Graincorp.com.au, 2016). Audit planning Audit planning involves establishment of overall strategies of audit for developing and engaging the audit plan. In particular, the audit plan includes the planning for the risk assessment process and planning the responses for the risk associated with material misstatement. Planning of audit is not the separate phase of the audit rather it is an iterative and continuous process under audit (Chou, 2015). It starts with the previous audit and goes on till the conclusion of the current audit. The audit planning is a process that is carried out through steps and under the planning the internal control and the financial aspects of the client are reviewed. It is recognized that preparing the audit plant by NY audit firm for their client Harvey Norman will require careful and in-depth observation. Different stages are there under the audit planning aspects. They are Make acceptance of the client and performing the planning for the initial audit As the business process and operating environment of each company is different, the planning of the audit must be different and specific for each company. It is observed that the business procedure and circumstances of Graincorp Limited is different as it included under the agri-business. Therefore, the agri-business industry shall be analysed before planning the audit for Graincorp Limited. It is identified that the previous years audit was performed by Price Water House Coopers, NY audit firm shall go through the previous years audit report issued by PWC and may contact the auditor before carrying out the audit of the company, if it is permitted by the company (Plumlee, Rixom Rosman, 2014). Further, the various companies that are associated with Graincorp Limited may be contacted to get any specific information regarding the client. Further, the following tasks must be carried out before proceeding for the audit plan Selecting the employees those will be engaged for the purpose of audit Recognizing the reasons behind the requirement of the client for audit Forming a understanding level with the client company The auditor will arrange a meeting with the Graincorp Limiteds executive to discuss regarding the staffs those will be engaged for the audit, areas that will be covered and analysed under the audit engagement and the availability of the information required for the purpose of audit. It is recognized from the business process and business management environment of Graincorp that they need the audit to assess the internal control effectiveness of the company. Further, they require the audit to review the true and fairness aspect of the company with regard to the financial statements of the company. The audit is further required to comment on the the conceptual framework and the accounting standards followed by the company while preparing their financial statement. Understanding the business process as well as the business industry of the client Before proceeding for the audit plan and audit, the audit firm NY must search about the industry that is the agri-business industry, in which the business of the client relates. Moreover, the auditor shall gather information regarding the business operation processes and treatment of intangible assets of the client to suggest the best available option to the company. For this purpose, the auditor mast collect information regarding the clients External as well as the internal environment related to the business Business operations and the procedures Governing regulations and management aspect Objectives and the business approaches of the client Performance measurement of the client It is recognized from the research of agribusiness that the agribusiness and food industry in Australia is one of the major part of the Australian economy and they contribute a significant part to the regional economy areas through providing service, business and employment opportunities (Pike et al., 2016). Further, the competitiveness agenda and industry innovation of Australian Government identified the agribusiness and food industry as an area of the competitive strength for the country and it prioritizes is as the growth industry through the growth centre of agri-business and food industry. Analysing the clients business risk While preparing the audit planning, the auditor shall apply strategic approaches to assess the risks associated with the business of the client and find out the basis for evaluating the error, fraud and material misstatement associated with the clients business, if any. Further, the following aspects must be confirmed by the management of Graincorp Limited that They communicated with the audit committee as well as with the auditor about the significant lack in the internal control system and the material weakness, if any. The disclosure process of the financial statement and the internal controls are in place to assure regarding the major business risk. It is recognized that the agribusiness sector in Australia is loaded with various risks and to maintain sustainability of Graincorp Limited, the risk management approach specifically for dealing with the investment risk and improving the opportunities towards asset acquisition and improvement in investment access play major role as it will support the rural communities and enhance the growth of agribusiness sector in international as well as domestic markets (Costan Popa, 2017). Apart from this, Graincorp is also exposed to the fluctuation threat with regard to income loss for the primary producers; the expected impact on the trading loss on the economy of Australia is a serious issue that require more attention from the management who are responsible for preparing the policies for international as well as national level of business Performance of preliminary analytical procedure Under the analytical procedure the financial performance of the client company is measured through various ratios and is compared with the industry average. The performance will then be compared with the previous years performance of the company to analyse the performance trend. Ratio calculation Ratio Formula Result 2016 2015 Profitability ratios Net profit ratio Net profit / sales 0.74% 0.79% Return on equity Net income / shareholder's equity 1.77% 1.76% Liquidity ratio Current ratio Current assets / current liabilities 1.56 1.72 Liquid ratio Liquid assets / Current liabilities 0.99 1.08 Leverage ratio Debt ratio Total liabilities / total assets 0.51 0.50 Debt to equity ratio Total liabilities / total equity 1.05 1.02 Analysis of financial performance It is identified from the above ratios that the net profit ratio of Graincorp Limited is only 0.74% in 2016 as compared to 0.79% in 2015. Further, the return on the shareholders equity of the company is only 1.76% and 1.77% respectively. Therefore, the profitability position of the company is under risk and the reason behind this must be found out. Considering the liquidity ratio of the company it is identified that the company is in a good position to pay off their short term liabilities with the available current assets (Gurov Milgunova, 2016). However, it must be analysed that whether the company is using its working capital efficiently or not. Looking into the leverage ratio of the company it is found that the creditor and the investor almost has the equal right on the asset of the company. Therefore, it indicates that Graincorp Limited is highly leveraged and the auditor must look into these areas and shall include the fact under audit planning. Audit test Considering the business processes and operating environment of Graincorp Limited, it is suggested that the auditor shall apply the Analytical test approach for carrying out the audit of Graincorp Limited (Jans, Alles Vasarhelyi, 2014). Under the analytical test, the performance of the company for the current year will be analysed through various ratios like profitability ratio, leverage ratio and liquidity ratio and the performance will be compared with the companys previous years performance. Moreover, under this approach the revenues as well as the expenses of the companies for the current year will be analysed and will be compared with that of the previous year (Arens et al., 2016). References Arens, A. A., Elder, R. J., Beasley, M. S., Hogan, C. E. (2016). Auditing and assurance services. Pearson. Chou, D. C. (2015). Cloud computing risk and audit issues.Computer Standards Interfaces,42, 137-142. Costan, L., Popa, S. (2017, May). The Company's Internal Audit Seen as a Piece of a Complex System. InControl Systems and Computer Science (CSCS), 2017 21st International Conference on(pp. 371-374). IEEE. Graincorp.com.au. (2016).Reports. [online] Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/investor-centre/company-performance-news/reports [Accessed 11 Sept. 2017]. Gurov, V., Milgunova, I. (2016). Improving of assessment management of the audited organizations performance at the stage of audit planning. -, (157), 115-118 Jans, M., Alles, M. G., Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2014). A field study on the use of process mining of event logs as an analytical procedure in auditing.The Accounting Review,89(5), 1751-1773. Pike, B. J., Chui, L., Martin, K. A., Olvera, R. M. (2016). External Auditors' Involvement in the Internal Audit Function's Work Plan and Subsequent Reliance Before and After a Negative Audit Discovery.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(4), 159-173. Plumlee, R. D., Rixom, B. A., Rosman, A. J. (2014). Training auditors to perform analytical procedures using metacognitive skills.The Accounting Review,90(1), 351-369.

Influences of Gender

Intertidal Wetlands-Geography Essays

Intertidal Wetlands-Geography Essays Intertidal Wetlands-Geography Paper Intertidal Wetlands-Geography Paper The area is home to the saltwater plant Lanthanum tokens. The plant is found in only four known areas, the Sydney Bicentennial Park wetland being one of these areas. The size of the wetland ecosystem has decreased significantly due to human advancement and land use. The once abundant shoreline has been dramatically altered disrupting the ecosystem. This impact has led to traditional and contemporary management strategies being utilized for protection and conservation of the intertribal wetland for the future fauna, flora and people. The traditional indigenous cultures, specifically the Wang Clan, have a close affiliation with the land. Not only did it provide plentiful resources for their arrival, their religious beliefs illustrate them as the caretakers of the land. They were able to appreciate the area and understand its value, unlike the contemporary industrialized societies. The intertribal wetland offered an esteemed hunting ground but the Aboriginal people did not abuse the fragile environment. Their aim was to nurture the land for the benefit of future generations and they only took what they needed. The Wang Clan showed their most respect for the wetland, their appreciation towards the area led to minimal disruption and efficient use of the resources. Indigenous Australians also involved themselves in long term management procedures. They would artificially fertilize flowers and seed river flats. This practices would re-establish plant populations and replace the resources that they may have used. Aboriginal Australians would also create breeding places for animals, for example they would dig pits that would eventually fill with water creating a breeding ground for frogs. The greater part Of their management strategies were to conserve species of plants and animals. The traditional management strategies left a minimal footprint on the wetland ecosystem. Their methods were sustainable as they would replace the resources theyd use. The value of intertribal wetlands has become known only very recently. The lack of knowledge and ignorance of past generations, more notably developers, has led to substantial disruptions in the local ecosystem. The building of bund walls has had a significant effect on the hydrology of the site as it has modified the flow of water. The change in flow reduced the amount of water getting to the mangroves and soil moisture in mangroves has decreased. The establishment of bund walls has ultimately led to destruction of the wetlands; in particular Wentworth Bay which no longer exists. A contemporary strategy to allow the ecosystem to return to its initial state is the removal of the bund walls. Though the removal of bund walls is of high cost, the final result of having the original flow of water reinstated is influential. The atmosphere in the intertribal wetland plays a significant role in the interactions of the biophysical environment. The construction of non- linear walkways minimizes disturbances to the canopy and decreases wind handling often seen with linear walkways. The erection of walkways has also created a designated path to control the access to the ecosystem. There has been a massive reduction in disturbance of the area and the pathway protects the mangroves from unnecessary destruction. However, these wooden pathways are high maintenance and a low life span. The majority of the public are unaware of the importance of wetlands. Education campaigns have been influential in changing public perception and support for the preservation of the wetlands is increasing. Bicentennial park provides education programs that include guided tours of the wetland to the public. As a contemporary management strategy education enables the public to realize the vital need to protect the wetlands. They are informed by information officers, education officers and field staff about the steps they can take to contribute to looking after the wetlands. The effectiveness of this contemporary management strategy is reasonably high. The involvement of the public is enormously important for the conservation of the Efficient nail park wetlands. Human impacts on the Bicentennial intertribal wetlands have decreased as we become more knowledgeable of the importance of this ecosystem. Traditional and contemporary management strategies are utilized to conserve and protect the area. The genetic diversity of intertribal wetlands should be cherished and looked after. The contemporary management strategies have fought to combat the past negative impacts concerning the intertribal wetlands. These strategies were predominantly successful in preserving and conserving the genetic diversity of the Bicentennial Park intertribal wetland. The Wang Clans traditional management strategies allow an appreciation and understanding of the land. Their religious ties to the area give them a responsibility to care for the land that provides them the ability to live. After all the damage made in the past, the traditional and contemporary ecosystem management strategies of the Bicentennial intertribal wetland ecosystem are proving to encourage growth and repair. The conservation and sustainability of the land have consequently saved the ecosystem, though there is still a long way to go, the ecosystem has been salvaged for the future.

The study of product development as the core in transforming medium Literature review

The study of product development as the core in transforming medium size businesses into large multi-national companies - Literature review Example Six different theoretical frameworks have been formulated to explain organizational transformation. They include life cycle, evolutionary, dialectical, teleological, social cognition and cultural approaches to change. Evolutionary models include social evolutionary and biological models. Here it is assumed that situational variables, circumstances and environment faced by each organization determine the change in each organization. Here very little role is given to people in determining the direction of change and change is considered as very slow process.The later version of these models assume managers having ability to respond and anticipate changes.Based on this theory, mergers are considered as a form of organizational transformation to respond to forces outside an organization. Through mergers, there can be overall change in the organizational structure of an existing corporation in a mature product market as a part of its growth strategy to survive in the industry. This happens when the results of the past investment decisions will not be able to produce assets or resources that can finance the activities. Thus, the process of mergers and acquisitions involves the reduction in the resources as a part of the reallocation to new growth areas. In the case of mergers, the firms receive a surplus than they obtain individually through the economies of scale. This surplus increases when the product demand is high and falls when it is low. ... Thus, the process of mergers and acquisitions involves the reduction in the resources as a part of the reallocation to new growth areas. In the case of mergers, the firms receive a surplus than they obtain individually through the economies of scale. This surplus increases when the product demand is high and falls when it is low (Lambrecht and Myers, 2004). In addition to these, during the economic downturns, the unproductive assets existing needs to be sold off to shareholders. The hesitancy of the management in doing so results in takeover activities (Maksimovic and Phillips, 2000).The takeover results in selling the unproductive assets to the acquirer of the firm and thereby reaching the proceeds of the takeovers to the shareholders. Thus mergers result in cost savings and revenue enhancement. The main criticisms of the evolutionary models include their base on mathematical field and not human fields, failure to explain change as a social phenomena, difficulty in linking environme ntal and organizational variables, etc(Collins,1998). The teleological models see change as the phenomenon resulting from the leaders’ perception of necessity to change. Here change is assumed to be dependent on internal decisions in accompany instead of external changes. This model gives the central role to leader and considers leader as a rational agent and change is explained on the basis of scientific management tools. Thus these models are considered as more human than the evolutionary models (Brill and Worth, 1997). This theory focuses on the need for leaders to motivate the followers rather than imposing their behaviour on followers (Trice and Beyer,

New Equality Act 2010 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

New Equality Act 2010 - Essay Example However, they are not well embraced in the modern times. It is believed that all people are equal regardless of their gender and race. As such, governments have been pushing for equality policies across the world. The United Kingdom parliament introduced the equality act 2010. This act was based on a number of laws and acts that had been introduced in the United Kingdom in the past. Despite its introduction, equality is yet to be achieved in the workplace (Varkaik, 2005). There are many challenges facing the implementation of this act. The equality act 2010 promises to equate all people regardless of their gender and race in the workplace but faces many challenges in the implementation, which need to be addressed accordingly. History of Equality Act 2010 The vision and objectives of the equality act 2010 were proposed back in the 1960s. It had been realized that some groups, gender, and races were discriminated against in the United Kingdom in many sectors. Some people were paid less in the workplace; others had challenges getting jobs because they belonged to a certain race and others because of their gender. The equal pay act of the 1970 was the first law to be passed regarding this. According to this law, people doing the same workload in the same department are required to be paid the same amount regardless of their gender and race. ... No employer or institution would discriminate any person basing on these grounds (United Kingdom Legislation, 2013). Disability act of 1995 also forms a part of the equality act 2010. Disabled people should have equal opportunities to employment basing on this law. The Equality Law 2010 (Work Place) The passing of the Equality Act 2010 was embraced by many people across the United Kingdom. However, there are serious concerns about whether anything will change. Experts have been documenting everything that has been happening after passing of the vital acts which form a part of the Equality Act 2010. They have confirmed that indeed, not a lot of changes have been documented after the passing of those acts. No wonder some people have been questioning what has been happening in the last four decades from the time the Equal Pay act was passed in 1970. The very things the parliament meant to protect people from have been happening right under their eyes. Discrimination This is one of the l argest problems in the United Kingdom in the current times. Despite the passing of laws to reduce discrimination, research indicates otherwise (Favre, Grainger and Brewer, 2011). Women and minority races in the United Kingdom are the most affected. Women do not have equal opportunities with men in the work place (Verkaik, 2008). While many men are employed in well paying permanent jobs, only a few women are employed. The other women are employed in low paying part time (Lee, 2002). In fact, only about 30% on average women are employed in the permanent well paying jobs. The percentage of women in the low paying part time jobs is 79%. This clearly indicates that most

Evaluative Review Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluative Review Assignment - Essay Example Recommendations Organize with parents to address ways to identify if their child has destructive tendencies According to Jimerson and Furlong (2006), this is a better way of dealing with a student’s aggressive behavior. Parents are better positioned to evaluate their children mannerisms and take the necessary measures. Education about the signs of this behavior will assist parents in taming their misdemeanor. Application of this will streamline a student’s morals and methods of associating with others. Parents are occasionally determinants of a child’s character development. Therefore, their children are more likely to take heed of their advice. Metal Detectors According to Jimerson and Furlong (2006), the employment of a metal detector in searches is highly advisable. It is in the interest of all students that this practice is approved. Some students who have malicious intentions towards the teaching staff or fellow comrades are capable of carrying weapons to th is effect. However, persons who do it should not abuse this activity. This measure will definitely discourage students from transporting harmful objects to schools. Metal detectors have proven effective in sectors such as airports and highly guarded government institutions. It has reduced potential threats such as terrorism and smuggling. Follow the law The law is a guideline of limitations and freedoms we should exercise. Teachers are to exercise acceptable disciplining methods of students who have behavioral cases (Conoley and Goldstein 2004). Disciplinary punishment should be implemented to the extent instructed by law. Excessive use of force in disciplinary cases often initiates some violent and rude behaviors from students. This can have extensive consequences as the student can resort to unconventional ways of coming even. Conoley also suggests that statistically, in many cases students win legal cases concerning discipline and the institution suffers the embarrassment. Teache rs should be more cautious on this issue. Training School Staff The schools staff both administrative and non-administrative is instrumental in ensuring proper safety precautions are adhered to (Conoley and Goldstein, 2004).Violence is impartial and occurs randomly in view of the supposition that it is intricate to determine a person’s intentions. Students have developed clever ways to conceal their intentions. Therefore, the staff including teachers, train guards and drivers should focus on violence prevention. The staff should be trained to take steps promptly when violence occurs. This will help them mitigate the adverse effects that associate to this vice. They should also be trained to detect destructive behavior in the initial stages thus enabling them prevents unavoidable that was to happen. According to Daniels and Bradley (2011), ignorance of the staff of growing tensions between students is what leads to the columbine High school riot. Violent incidences were ignore d based on the perpetrators social status in the institution. This allowed the popular and senior students assault their fellow junior scholars uncontrollably. The intimidated student’s collective anger led to the rampage. The staff was vindicated on their negligence of the spiteful activities that were occurring in that institution. Establishment of Good Trust relationship with Students According to Daniels and Bradley (2011), most of the students who partake in these acts have

Effect Of Globalisation: Educational Policy

Effect Of Globalisation: Educational Policy Globalisation is a buzzword nowadays and it is often claimed as a natural process by many views especially from popular media. Globalisation is inevitable to a nation. Different nation may have different response and effect of globalisation. Many sectors are affected either in good or bad ways due to globalisation and one of the examples is in education sector. In this article, I wish to discuss the effect of globalisation on educational policy, especially in Malaysian context. Globalisation is not restricted to a definition; it can be define in many ways depending from which views it is seen. In my point of view, globalisation is a process where the world is shrinking, becoming borderless and viewed as a sense of global wholeness and unity. Globalisation made everything becomes easier and it has led to great changes in many sectors since hundred years ago. However, it has speeded up over the last century due to the presence of advance technology in communication. The usage of emails and internet are the example of globalisation where global communication takes place almost instantneous. According to Bottery (2006), globalisation can be defined as the planet is viewed as a whole and the speed of communication had shrunk it over the last few centuries. Many theorists and authors generally define globalisation a process involving the movement of the worlds people, images, technologies, finance including trade, money, and capital, and ideas, such as practices concerning states and other institutional policies. (http://infonomics-society.org). Globalisation is said to be marked by speedy, free movement of people, services, capital, goods, ideas and knowledge across borders. Some people believed globalisation is a negative phenomenon which affects the world in many ways. One of the common problems that are always associated to globalisation is environmental problems. To name a few, global warming, ozone depletion and imbalance ecology system are the impact of globalisation, specifically environmental globalisation. Another example of destructive globalisation impact; cultural globalisation is seen as the cause of losing ones culture and language since everyone is adapting and practising the dominant culture. McDonald is the example of recent dominant culture as a result of cultural globalisation. Despite the negative affect of globalisation, another group of people agree that globalisation has given advantages to the world, where people get more connected and informed than ever before. Looking from cultural globalisation, Bottery states it provides cultural variety in one location to eat virtually any national dish, attend any religious ceremony, and lis ten to any kind of music. These varieties, as claims by Bottery provide education with different windows through which new perspectives are gained. Besides that, cultural globalisation too offers access to different beliefs and approaches to life, and be a real force for spiritual growth (Bottery, 2006). On top of that, globalisation is not solely focuses on the advance of technology, Bottery (2006) in his article claims globalisation includes environmental globalisation, cultural, demographic, political, American and economic globalisation and it is a continuous process whether human being recognised or not. He then added that the process of globalisation affects nation states, generate policy mediations and have direct impact upon educational institutions. To conclude, different types of globalisation put different tensions to the world. However, the different types of globalisation interact and influence one another in diverse ways, creating a more complex and difficult world to live on. Education Education is ranked among the main concern of nation-states as it is playing a remarkable role in shaping and preparing children for the future in an increasingly globalised world. In fact, much money is spent on education as a public service due to its importance. To achieve the aims of education, traditionally, nation-states developed their education policy in regards to what they saw as important to their nation. However, in recent context, education policy is seen beyond the nation-states, it is become internationalised to the dominance of the global economy over the national politics. Within the wider context of globalization, education is now regarded as an international service, playing a remarkable mission in the global economy with investment in people, skills and knowledge. Simply, it argues that education policy nowadays is formed and implemented in a global context. The improvement of education policy recently is also due to global competitiveness, due to invent human cap ital discourse which is economically competitive to other nations. In such global context, improving global competitiveness has been targeted by nation-states education policy. This is due to invent human capital discourse which is economically competitive to other nations. (infonomics-society.org) According to Mundy, many countries have become more competitive by working hard to enhance the productivity of the domestic labour force which can be accomplished by introducing new educational policies, programs and reforms that prepare children to compete in the global labour force. He later added; despite benefitting the education, the competiveness among these nation-states enhancing the production of new education polices with full of value. In fact, many studies have confirmed that there have been new education policies that introduce reforms in curriculum, pedagogy and evaluation, seeking to boost competitiveness among nation-states. Examples of these reforms are engagement in international comparisons of test performance, national curriculum and productive pedagogies Rizvi and Lingard [41] confirm that globalization has reformed and redesigned the educational policy terrain. Effect The process of globalization has deeply shifted and changed the ways in which education policies are developed, implemented and evaluated as globalization has witnessed the reworking of the nation-state; the site at which public policy was most commonly created. Positive effect It is no doubt that globalisation leads to a better education policy. This is due to education is a vital part to help a nation to compete with other nations. The role of education has changed in most common nation-state as they realised the importance of giving proper education to the people which eventually helped the economic growth of the nation. For example, recent finding in India states that Indian Education System has increased fourteen-fold in terms of the number of universities and thirty three-fold in terms of the number of colleges, in comparison to the number at the time of Independence (http://www.aserf.org.in/presentations/globalization.pdf). As a developing country, Malaysia too undergoes changes in education policy to meet the need of this globalised world. The colonisation of British in Malaysia left long lasting effect to the deviations of Malaysian education policy, which is continuously changing until today. Traditionally, education in Tanah Melayu started as a private enterprise which is mainly concerned in producing man with means of knowledge and skills for his well-being and for his salvation in the hereafter. The education system in Tanah Melayu then changed as the British needs skilled people to work for them in order to exploit the economy in Tanah Melayu thus the British colonial provides the school for locals. When the British colonized Malay, they instituted an education system in all of the colonies with the purpose of helping the natives to maintain traditional life and to prevent social unrest through restricted education (Hooker, 2003). In fact, the British limited education to creating better fisherme n and farmers, because the British worried that an over-educated population might rebel against colonial rule (Hashim, 1996).( https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/9167/Tableman_Leslie_Diana_MPA_Win09.pdf?sequence=1) This is the starting point of revolution in education policy in Malaysia, where economic sector is the biggest influence to the change. Education is an important tool in supporting the infrastructure of a country, hence having a reliable education system is critical to the success of developing countries in a global economy (Tableman, 2007). (https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/9167/Tableman_Leslie_Diana_MPA_Win09.pdf?sequence=1) Much said globalization is synonymous with the opening of national borders to the international flow of goods, services, raw materials and resources, information and technology, and human resources. In the last three decades, East Asia has been reported to experience a period of economic development which has been described as unprecedented and miraculous (World Bank, 1994). Economic growth and educational expansion is closely related, and these two aspects are also linked to state formation and developmental state. It is supported by Green (2002), the coincidence in East Asia countries of economic advance with educational expansion clearly suggests a close relationship between the two. For example, it has been reported that in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, the economic development grew eight per cent a year, which is way faster than other region on the world (Green, 2002). Generally, the enrolment rates in secondary school were below 50 per cent in each country in th e early 60s, however, these four countries have undergone enormous expansion in education, where each of the countries had quite high levels of basic education. In fact, Taiwan and South Korea now have among the highest rates of upper secondary completion in the world, and a large proportion of those who complete go on to higher education (Green, 2002). (ENGLISH AS DOMINANT LANGUAGE : http://idosi.org/wjihc/wjihc1(1)11/6.pdf) In response to economic recession in 1997 in Malaysia, the Malaysian government took a few drastic actions to reform the economy in Malaysia. The needs for more graduates and k-workers who could speak English well and who are able to work in multinational companies were listed as important strategies. To meet such needs, the government reversed the English language policy in schools. Beginning 2003, the medium of instruction for Math and Science subjects started to be taught in English. Having, at least, a credit in English in the national school examination would be an advantage for students to be accepted at public universities. Now English becomes a second language in Malaysia again. In fact, the last Malaysian Prime Minister revealed that 94% of unemployed graduated in the country are Malays and they are unable to procure jobs because industrial jobs called for a high English language competency. (http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=xzrSYcBxaV4Coi=fndpg=PA123dq=effect+of+g lobalization+on+education+in+malaysiaots=KNH2yfoWDUsig=odAIpeFxJyJmIwMCY1hdrhvx4sc#v=onepageqf=false) Indeed, with the advancement of technology in the classrooms, the way students learn English in Malaysia may not be the same as it was before. (http://cluteonline.com/journals/index.php/CTMS/article/viewFile/5575/5658) However, there is complicated issue regarding the usage of English language to teach Math and Science, the policy is reverted to using Malay and English to teach both subjects. Despite the issue, it is remarkable that English language is an important language for people to compete, as most of the trade commodity use English to communicate. As a developing country, Malaysia needs to focus on the aspect of lifelong learning, which is essential to meet the changes in the demand for more knowledge workers, especially in producing skilled workers. In the area of higher education, universities have become factors of the competitive advantage of nations (Porter, 1998). To obtain and sustain competitive advantage in various industries, the higher education is the main locus that moves economies forward, and the primary means of educating and generating the talent or human capital. Besides that, due to the same fact to boost world economies, universities have become more self-consciously global, especially universities of the advanced nations, looking for students from around the world who represent the entire spectrum of cultures and values, besides sending their own students abroad in educational exchange programmes to prepare them for global careers. Some of the universities also offering courses of study that address the ch allenges of an interconnected world and collaborative research programs to advance science for the benefit of all mankind. As a consequence, the forces of shaping higher education cause the movement of people across the border. Students travel from one developed nation to another, and from developing or less-developed to the developed countries to seek good education. (http://amrjournal.blogspot.co.uk/2009/07/impact-of-globalization-on-malaysias.html) The preamble to the Malaysian Education Act 1996 states that education plays a vital role in achieving the countrys vision of attaining the status of a fully developed nation in terms of economic development, social justice, and spiritual, moral and ethical strength (http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FA%3A1017572119543) The economic globalisation has affected Malaysian higher education policy where in 1995, the Malaysian government reversed its opposition to private universities and encouraged private sector investment in higher education. However, the private sector including foreign providers is strictly regulated. Malaysia instead legislated to maintain governmental control over the emerging private higher education sector in order to make it meet what the government sees as the cultural and economic needs of the nation. According to Ward and Eden (2009), for education, neo-liberal economics means introducing the kind of competition which makes private business success ful. Neo-liberals want a free-market in education, making education as commodity which is bought and sold; schools are the providers and parents and children the consumers or customers. In the 1990s not only private universities and colleges are liberalised, many private schools and international schools are also built. Now, foreign capitals are allowed to hold up to 49% of the shares in any private educational company. Branch campuses of foreign universities are allowed, in fact attracted to set up in Malaysia. (http://www.japss.org/upload/1.%20globalization.pdf By 2000, there were 11 public higher educational institutions, 7 private universities, 3 foreign university branch campuses, and more than 400 private colleges approved by the Malaysian government (Challenger Concept, 2000). Most of the private institutions offer their own diplomas as well as foreign-linked degree programs, some of which require students to complete one or more years of study overseas while others can be completed entirely in Malaysia. Some of these colleges, such as Taylors College, are foreign-owned. With the money flows through this education commodity, the economy of the country will develop greatly. However, one question remain, is this liberalization, globalization and privatization of education good for Malaysians, especially the poor. It is clear that the poor cannot afford to go to private school which requires high fees. For example, one of secondary schools in Malaysia, known as Saad Foundation College, the fees required for a year is about RM 41 000 (equivalent to 8200 GBP). That is a big amount of money compared to average salary of working class people in Malaysia. It is said that private school serves better place to educate the students, for example private schools have much smaller classes, much better student-teacher interaction, excellent extra curricular activities; we take the children out of the school and into the community and we even teach several languages like French, Bahasa Malaysia and Mandarin. Although private school is good for students lifelong lear ning, it is a disadvantage to the poor, where they have no chance to have the same kind of education and is always lacking. Tooley concludes in his recent report Could Globalization of Education Benefit the Poor? That: The argument began, first by showing that there are private schools available to, and patronized by, the poor in developing countries. Second, there is evidence showing that these schools are offering poor parents and children a better deal, educationally-speaking, than the state alternative. Teachers in the private schools, in particular, the research has suggested, show a much greater commitment to teaching than in the government schools. These two considerations suggest that private education in itself could be beneficial to the poor. (http://www.japss.org/upload/1.%20globalization.pdf) Economic globalisation has affect education greatly. Higher education is swept up in global marketisation. It trains the executives and technicians of global businesses; the main st udent growth is in globally mobile degrees in business studies and computing; the sector is shaped by economic policies undergoing partial global convergence, and the first global university market has emerged. (http://doc.utwente.nl/60264/1/Marginson07globalisation.pdf) Globalization is also affecting methods of educational delivery and support. Traditional classroom delivery is now enhanced with electronic learning support. Online courses, virtual classrooms and Web-based tutorials are some delivery methodologies for distance education across borders as a result of globalization. In fact, using ICT in education is inevitable as ICT has changed the way businesses and industries are conducted and influenced the way people work, interact and function in society (UNESCO, 2002). ICT has become common place at home, at work, and in educational institutions (Kirkup Kirkwood, 2005). The use of ICT, including the Internet at home and work places, has increased exponentially (McGorry, 2002). Explosion of knowledge and information in the era of information technology has somehow helped the globalization of education. The introduction of computers and internet and other technology-mediated learning through the use of VCD, CD-Rom, Email, E-Chat, database, webpage, LMS, digital library, etc have helped in the dissemination of information and knowledge to millions around the world (http://idosi.org/wjihc/wjihc1(1)11/6.pdf). Due to this fact, Malaysia is trying to integrate the use of ICT in education, besides to bridge the gap within the global trend as other countries have long developed the policy of ICT in education. The development of the Policy on ICT in Education in Malaysia is underlying of four major pillars; Human Capital, Budget, Digital Learning Resources and Infrastructure. One of the examples the implementation of ICT in Malaysian Education policy is the launching of Smart school. The objective of the smart school Flagship Application is The Smart School is a learning institution that has been reinvented in terms of teaching and learning methods and school administration system in order to prepare the students for the Information-Based Society. Creativity and better management of information is facilitated through the use of technology where students, teachers, administrators and parents are better prepared for the challenges of the information Age. The Smart School applications brings the benefit of technology to the educators and administrators. These also allow the young to get familiar with the ICT world using tools such as personal computers, scanners, printers, multimedia products, TV/videos, etc. at a much earlier stage in life. They get to appreciate the power of the Internet and multimedia applications, which can make learning more interesti ng and enriching. This will in turn result in them becoming more technology savvy (http://www.mscmalaysia.my/sites/default/files/pdf/publications_references/SMART_SCHOOL_ROADMAP_020506.pdf) Smart School is not just about ICT intervention in teaching and learning. The national curriculum and pedagogy are given the highest importance, with the role of teachers, administrators, parents and the community enhanced in the education of the Malaysian students. Individuality, creativity and initiative amongst the students are prioritised. However, ICT is critical in making the teaching and learning processes easier, more fun and effective, as well as making communication and management among the stakeholders more efficient.

American Jefferson Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"American Sphinx: The character of Thomas Jefferson† A book by Joseph J. Ellis. Copyright 1997 Vintage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joseph J. Ellis, a historian who was educated at the College of William and Mary and Yale, is a Ford Foundation Professor of History at Mount Holyoke University. He has written four books on historical topics, centered on the time Jefferson was alive, dealing with issues and personalities Jefferson dealt with firsthand. After authoring a book on a politician such as John Adams, Ellis seems to have felt a need or want to focus on Jefferson, presumably because of his status as founding father and main contributor to the constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ellis’s thesis in American Sphinx can be summed up by the quote in the prologue by James Parton: â€Å"If Jefferson was wrong, America is wrong. If America is right, Jefferson is right.† However, Ellis gave the impression that he was brought reluctantly to the task of researching and writing so extensively on Jefferson. Perhaps he was spurred on by the rebirth of interest in the Jefferson legacy. In recent years, the exposure of Jefferson’s affair and subsequent illegitimate children to a mulatto slave named Sally Hemings, and Ellis’s own experience of watching another scholar of Jefferson imitate him to near perfection probably inspired Ellis to add a few more notches to his authoring resume.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The influence Jefferson has over Ellis is apparent. He began college at a school founded by Jefferson, and is fond of a statue conspicuously facing the women’s dorms on campus. His professional research and scholarship always involved some indirect influence by Jefferson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even so, in writing this book, Joseph Ellis has taken an unbiased approach to Jefferson, never smoothing over points and incidents in which Thomas had definitely misjudged. Ellis realizes that in reality, no politician or leading figure can ever amount to the ideal of perfection attributed to some, (i.e. Jesus Christ) but stands by Jefferson in the face of heavy critics who would defame Jefferson’s name and work based on issues and or mistakes that happened in life outside the political world. I have also noticed that Ellis, when quoting other Jeffersonian authors, will contradict the reference he quoted, but will not dispu... ...wn errors, which will never be intentional; and your support against the errors of others, who may condemn what they would not if seen in all it’s parts.† (Pg. 214) Quite profound in comparison to the speeches often heard today by Presidents who would never admit to any wrongdoing. (I did not have sexual relations with THAT woman)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After his term of office was over, Jefferson led an active life in American ideals and politics. However, his life was never the same after his wife died, and many of the current criticisms of Jefferson stem from this post presidential period. It is my firm belief that Jefferson deserved no reprimand for his actions then, or now. To conclude, Jefferson has been turned into a hero to me by Ellis, and probably without Ellis intending to do so. A scholar such as Joseph warrants literary acclaim when he creates a biography that so wonderfully illustrates the life of a man to whom this nation owes so much. It is my intention to reread this book, and perhaps others he has read. Based on the fact that this is a book review, I will jump into Bill Cosby’s shoes, pretend I’m on Reading Rainbow, and sing a little song about this book.

Job satisfaction in an mnc

IntroductionJob satisfaction is an of import subject to cover with in the relation of human resource direction. The of import function of human resource revolves around the chief facet of supplying the occupation satisfaction to the employees. Assorted economic experts have mentioned the occupation satisfaction in different ways because of its different behavior. In my research, this is the cardinal subject to be discussed and I will seek to heighten the points to be considered while doing the policies for a occupation for any peculiar employee. Job satisfaction is one of the most widely discussed and enthusiastically studied concepts. However, occupation satisfaction is among the most hard concepts to specify. The assorted definitions of occupation satisfaction make it clear that different research workers have different sentiments about occupation satisfaction. Harmonizing to Wood ( 1973 ) , occupation satisfaction is the status of contentment with one ‘s work and its environment, denoting a positive attitude. Locke ( 1976 ) stated that occupation satisfaction could be viewed as a â€Å"pleasurable or positive emotional province ensuing from the assessment of one ‘s occupation or occupation experiences.† Other pointed out that occupation satisfaction was merely a map of the grade to which a occupation provided the worker with positively values results. Wanous ( 1980 ) said that occupation satisfaction was a lucifer between a individual ‘s demand and the support received from work performed in an organisation. Job satisfaction signifiers an built-in constituent of the complex system of overall satisfaction. Fixing the preset characteristics of occupation satisfaction is a cardinal aim of any HR policy. The HR executives are responsible for accomplishing those policies and therefore, taking the growing in the company along with the occupation satisfaction.The Purpose of the StudyThe intent to take this subject is to analyse the importance of occupation satisfaction in Multi National Companies ( MNCs ) . The ground to travel for MNCs is the addition in the displacement over of the employees for future growing. The shifting, therefore, includes the satisfaction in the given occupation function. Through my research, I will seek to analyse the causes and consequence relationship between the employee and the factors behind occupation satisfaction in a given MNC.Aim of the StudyThe chief purpose of the survey is to look into the remains taking to negative and positive occupation satisfaction in a MNC.The Aims of the StudyThe cardinal aims of the chosen subject are:Estimating the causes of employee attitudes.Declaring the consequences of positive or negative occupation satisfactionMeasuring the employee attitudeTo measure facet-specific degrees of occupation satisfactionTo mensurate general occupation satisfaction,Literature ReviewThere are several grounds for analyzing occupation satisfaction. Organizations step occupation satisfaction primary because of its presumed direct relationship to the short-run ends of cost decrease through increased single productiveness and decreased absenteeism, mistakes, and dissatisfaction have been found to be related to occupation turnover, absenteeism and tardiness. Employee turnover rates have been the most restraints step associated with occupation satisfaction ( Atchison & A ; Lofferts, 1972 ; Brayfield & A ; Crockett, 1955l Dawis & A ; Lofquist, 1981 ) . Mowday ( 1984 ) recapitulate the likely pessimistic significance of employee turnover in footings of the impact on organisations. There are assorted impacts of pessimism in occupation satisfaction on the turnover of the company such as:Addition in the enlisting cost.Enrolling new employees and so developing them every bit good.It can take to reduced societal dealingss ships among employees.No or merely few public dealingss.Decrease in company ‘s chances which can halter the growing.Harmonizing to Lawler ( 2005 ) , â€Å"the research grounds clearly shows that employees ‘ determinations about whether they will acquire to work on any given twenty-four hours and whether they will discontinue are effected by their feelings of occupation satisfaction. The fact that present satisfacti on influences future absenteeism and turnover clearly indicates the causal way is from satisfaction to behavior† . There is a correlativity between occupation satisfaction and variables such as accomplishment, acknowledgment, the work itself, duty, advancement, policy and disposal, working conditions, supervising, occupation activities and gender.Research MethodologySaunders et Al ( 2005 ) â€Å"Research design is the agreement of conditions for aggregation and analysis of informations in a mode that aims to unite relevancy to the research intent with economic system in procedure† . The research to be followed is a bit-by-bit procedure. This makes the full research procedure systematic. Merely primary research shall be used to pull illations. The beginnings used shall be of international reputation and will be trusty. The chief beginning will be instance survey and besides some books, diaries, articles and publications including Internet beginnings.Mentions:Adams, J. S. ( 1963 ) . Toward an apprehension of unfairness. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67 ( 5 ) , 422-436.Bedeian, A. G. , Ferris, G. R. , & A ; Kacmear, K. M. ( 1992, February ) . Age, term of office, and occupation satisfaction: A narrative of two positions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 33-48.Brayfield, A. H. , & A ; Crockett, W. H. ( 1955 ) . Employee attitudes and employee public presentation. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 396-424.Bruce, W. M. , & A ; Blackburn, J. W. ( 1992 ) . Balancing occupation satisfaction and public presentation. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.Carrell, M. , & A ; Elb ert, N. ( 1974 ) . Some personal and organisational determiners of occupation satisfaction of postal clerks. Academy of Management Journal, 17 ( 2 ) , 368-373.Cherrington, D. , Nyal, D. , & A ; McMullin, B. ( 1989 ) . Organizational behaviour. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.Cook, J. D. , Hepworth, S. J. , Wall, T. D. , & A ; Warr, P. B. ( 1981 ) . The experience of work: A collection and reappraisal of 249 steps and their usage. New York: Academic Press, Inc.Cranny, C. J. , Smith, P. C. , & A ; Stone, E. F. ( 1992 ) . Job satisfaction: How people feel about their occupations and how it affects their public presentation. New York: Lexington Books.Fisher, C. D. ( 1980 ) . On the doubtful wisdom of anticipating occupation satisfaction to correlate with public presentation. Academy of Management Review, 5 ( 4 ) , 607-612.Gable, R. K. , & A ; Wolf, M. B. ( 1993 ) . Instrument development in the affectional sphere ( 2nd ed. ) . Norwell, MA: Kluver Academic Publishers.Glisson, C. , & A ; Durick, M. ( 1988 ) . Forecasters of occupation satisfaction and organisational committedness in human service organisations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33 ( 1 ) , 61-81.Golding, J. , Resnick, A. , & A ; Crosky, F. ( 1983 ) . Work satisfaction as a map of gender and occupation position. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60 ( 3 ) , 313-317.Grau, M. R. ( 1997 ) . An probe of the job-related stressors of section presidents in a selected community college system. ( Doctoral Dissertation, Texas Southern University, 1997 ) . Dissertation Abstracts International, 58, 3379.Gruneberg, M. M. ( 1979 ) . Understanding occupation satisfaction. New York: The Macmillan Press, Ltd.Hackman, J. R. , & A ; Oldham, G. R. ( 1975 ) . Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60 ( 2 ) , 159-170 Applied Psychology, 49 ( 3 ) , 209-216.Hulin, C. L. , & A ; Smith, P. C. ( 1964 ) . Sexual activity differences in occupation satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 48 ( 2 ) , 88-92.

buy custom Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press essay

buy custom Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press essay The topic presented is to discuss on how does Michael Schudsons argument about the place of expertise in democratic government and politics echo his skepticism about idealist understandings of democracy and his realist advice about taking the culture and institutions of representative government seriously. Schudson considers analysis as one of the key roles in which journalists help in breaking down important events into something more comprehensible to the public. Schudson acknowledges social empathy as the human interest story. The book entitled Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press was written by a Guggenheim fellowno other than Michael Schudson. Michael Schudson is a distinguished professor of the Dept. of Communication at University of California in San Diego. Hes a professor of Communication at the Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University. Hes great works has lead him to be a regular contributor in the Columbia Journalism Review, The American Prospect and the OpEd pages of the New York Times. He was known for his provocative essays pertaining journalism and democracy making him to be one of the recipients of MacArthur Foundation genius award winners. His outstanding book, Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press has been a blockbuster. The main topic of this book covers about journalism and democracy and the relationship between each other with the following question: Journalism does not create democracy and democracy does not invent journalism, but what is the relationship media but viewing them with comparison to bring out a fair context with understanding that news is centered between them? The book focused on U.S. on story-telling with facts on varied controversies about the current knowledge today and its function. It deals on whether experts should have a responsibility in governing a state in democratic perspective through unbiased news in a lively and provocative manner and straightforward with rich understanding of journalism. Michael Schudson defended the establishment of American Newspaper and its relevance to democracy through his essays. Through this form, Michael Schudson managed to support an argument as to the significance of democratic pres. Schudson argues on the importance of news to relay information to the public which is the most common goal in a democracy to identify government officials who are accountable to public scrutiny. Schudson considers analysis as one of the key roles in which journalists help in breaking down important events into something more comprehensible to the public. Schudson acknowledges social empathy as the human interest story but other than that, they are mainly used as possible electors to gain social change. Democracies Need an Unloovable Press Its a strange title, Michael, What do you mean by it? Schudson answered that it was indeed and that it was intended to provokebut it originally came from Alexis de Tocqueville, who was widely quoted with such quotation that quote: the press in America is a building block essential to democracy. And that gets repeated at journalism banquets all over the countrythough he made some addendum as an afterthought saying that journalism is very relevant for America specifically the newspaper not for its goodness because he himself finds it cantankerously obnoxious and violent, but for preventing bad things that could possibly happen which he thinks as absolutely of utmost importance but unlovable. Obviously, journalism is being used as a public forum where the peoples voices are represented as one to air their grievances or as vigilantes to those who are in the government position for check and balance purposes in the true spirit of democracy. Schudson is determined to the awareness of protecting the minority rights in the interest of ordinary people. He further challenges the advancement of liberal democracy in journalism to politically cover institutions which were not given importance through a certain process called horizontal accountability in which the press conduct surveillance not just during elections but how the team members of respective institutions coordinate with each other. Furthermore, Schudson encourages new goals as advancement for the press which is ideal for democracy. Buy custom Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press essay

Amphoteric Oxide Definition in Chemistry

Amphoteric Oxide Definition in Chemistry An amphoteric oxide is an oxide that can act as either an acid or base in a reaction  to produce a salt and water. Amphoterism depends on the oxidation states available to a chemical species. Because metals have multiple oxidation states, they form amphoteric oxides and hydroxides. Amphoteric Oxide Examples Metals that display amphoterism include copper, zinc, lead, tin, beryllium, and aluminum. Al2O3 is an amphoteric oxide. When reacted with HCl, it acts as a base to form the salt AlCl3. When reacted with NaOH, it acts as an acid to form NaAlO2.Typically, oxides of medium electronegativity are amphoteric. Amphiprotic Molecules Amphiprotic molecules are a type of amphoteric species that donate or accept H or a proton. Examples of amphiprotic species include water (which is self-ionizable) as well as proteins and amino acids (which have carboxylic acid and amine groups). For example, the hydrogen carbonate ion can act as an acid: HCO3−   OH−  Ã¢â€ â€™ CO32−   H2O or as a base: HCO3−   H3O  Ã¢â€ â€™ H2CO3   H2O Keep in mind, while all amphiprotic species are amphoteric, not all amphoteric species are amphiprotic. An example is zinc oxide, ZnO, which does not contain a hydrogen atom and cannot donate a proton. The Zn atom can act as a Lewis acid to accept an electron pair from OH−. Related Terms The word amphoteric derives from the Greek word amphoteroi, which means both. The terms amphichromatic and amphichromic are related, which apply to an acid-base indicator that yields one color when reacted with an acid and a different color when reacted with a base. Uses of Amphoteric Species Amphoteric molecules that have both acidic and basic groups are called ampholytes. They are primarily found as zwitterions over a certain pH range. Ampholytes may be used in isoelectric focusing to maintain a stable pH gradient.

Literature Review for research on benefits of prekindergarten programs Essay

Literature Review for research on benefits of prekindergarten programs on literacy readiness - Essay Example The paper tells that Assel, Landry, Swank, and Gunnewig (2007) conducted an investigation to prove that American pre-school children lack sufficiency in language and literary skills to move forward to kindergarten. Prior to conducting this, they have their reference from two language and literacy curricula. In order to justify their point, Assel, Landry, Swank and Gunnewig created a pre and post-test design and initiated them to 603 children as chosen respondents plus a control group. In the data analysis, they formulated a multilevel growth curve modeling having child outcomes as dependent variables, while child’s level performance and rate of growth between pre and post test as independent variables. Based on the result, compared to those in the control group, the skills of children under language and literacy curricula have significant improvement. Thus, the proponents concluded that a well-specified curriculum in prekindergarten programs has a substantial impact on childre n’s learning. In conclusion, it is obvious that prekindergarten programs have remarkable impacts on children’s literacy. However, understanding this aspect requires careful evaluation of the subject matter itself. The entire issue is not only confined in the actual evaluation of children’s literacy skills but including their environment and especially the entire prekindergarten program itself. At this point, it would be remarkable to consider the most obvious about how prekindergarten programs could be maximized for children’s literacy benefits.

Evolution of Correctional System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evolution of Correctional System - Essay Example In America, the correction system has witnessed great, interesting changes from the medieval times, to the current super-max prisons. With this in mind, this paper will address the evolution of the correction system, including a historical overview of different types of corrections and custody levels. The criminal justice system of America is concerned with both punishment and corrections, however, today; America has the highest inmate population in the world. The history of corrections system in America traces back to the European system, which was in England, Holland, and France. America only improved on this system in the way they executed it. In the past, common law comprising set rules offered guidance and helped people in solving different social problems. The process of law was under the guidance of judges, as they were responsible for making decisions relating to law. However, as time went by, the colonial system developed their system of criminal justice, which laid the foun dation for the present criminal justice system in America (Gottfredson 11-15). In the 16th and 17th Centuries, there were various correction modes. Most of them were based on public shaming, in order to teach offenders a lesson, and deter others. This approach was to prevent the recurrence of criminal activity, and included, cutting off ears, the stocks, whipping, ducking stool, and placing people in the pillory. For much heinous crimes such as murder, the criminals faced execution through public hanging. The act of imprisonment was rare in colonial years. However, this later found its way into the American criminal justice system. In prisons, people waited for their trial or punishment, while in detention. All types of criminals were detained together while waiting punishment. However, these prisons were poorly maintained, due to the negligence of the prison warders. Most people detained in prisons lost their lives due to various diseases, such as the gaol fever. Houses of correcti on were to serve a purpose of instilling industry habits in offenders through labor in prisons. The people held in these houses were mainly petty offenders, the local disorderly poor, and vagrants. Near the end of the 17th Century, houses of correction were absorbed into the prison system, and put under the control of the local justices of peace (Tonry 12-15). In the 18th Century, many executions of criminals were undertaken. This raised concerns and led to the opposition of the death penalty by many people. They suggested that not all offenders found guilty should be subjected to a death penalty, however, only those convicted of serious crimes such as murder, should be executed. This opposition was counter-productive as jurors finally considered executions for petty offenders extreme. They therefore had to look for a much fairer way of punishing petty offenders, other than execution. In the mid-18th Century, imprisonment, with hard labor, was decided on as the most appropriate form of punishment for petty offenders (Freeman 77-80). Transportation was the most appropriate method used to dispose convicts. These were transported by ship to the America and other British colonies by ship. This happened until the America War of Independence. However, at the end of the 18th Century, there was curtailing of transportation. This means that alternative sanctions had to be put in place. These were later

The life of Harry Truman in the context of civil Right Era Essay

The life of Harry Truman in the context of civil Right Era - Essay Example This was the true picture as well as impression depicted by Harry Trumann in the context of Civil Right Era (Gardner, 2002). It is of crucial significance to note that Harry Truman led America in gaining victory over World War II. However, tied to this are several of my major impressions relevant to his life in the Civil Right Era. Harry Truman was a leader of dignity, in-depth understanding, humanness as well as vast of wisdom. This was so conspicuous in the way he made his decisions on the context of civil rights. He championed of equality rights for all Americans, including the Whites and the Blacks. This was quite impressive since it enabled for equal consideration of people regardless of race, ethnicity as well as socio-political classes (Truman Legacy Symposium and Geselbracht, 2007). In defiance to the issue of racial discrimination, Truman employed racial integration within the USA military. This was a clear indication that Truman was considerate and wise in decision-making. He considered the pains both the Whites and Blacks underwent in the wars, thereby championing for the spirit of inclusion an d equality amongst all the American citizens (Gardner, 2002). As a leader of humane character, Truman espoused in his campaigns that he believed in the spirit of brotherhood and unity amongst all people in the face of law. He stressed the fact that any form of racial, political, social or economic discrimination could likely cause a state of political unrest as well as insecurity (Truman Legacy Symposium and Geselbracht, 2007). Such could easily disrupt peace and safety to all the citizens. This is quite impressive of Truman since he showed that as a leader, he valued peace, safety and equality amongst all the

How to Invest Like Warren Buffett Essay Example for Free

How to Invest Like Warren Buffett Essay Introduction Simplicity is the best word to describe the life of philanthropist and mega-billionaire Warren Buffett. The same single word also depicts his multi-billion worth of investment principles and strategies (Cunningham, 2008, p. 18). For more than fifty years Buffett was able to build a multi-billion investment empire with his simple investment philosophy. Like his more than 60 billion dollar fortune under his name, Buffett, who is by far the greatest philanthropist of all time for donating almost all of his wealth to the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, is also one of the most observed and most admired personalities in business with countless of articles, books and blogs written about him. If most common people look at him as the most generous man in the world today, people in the corporate world regard him as the greatest guru— or even ‘God’— in the realm of investment. With his great fortune, he is considered ‘God’ in investment because of his ability to spot real value when everybody focuses their attention on market movements and because of his unparalleled skills and knowledge to transform simplicity into greatness. If most billionaires like Bill Gates and Lakshmi Mittal built their business empires through managing profitable technology corporations and industrial firms, Buffett made billions by simply knowing how and when to invest his money. How He Started To know more about the investing secrets of Warren Buffett, it is necessary to look at how he managed his most precious property— his life, and how he lives it (Schroeder, 2008, p.1). He learned how and when to earn money at an early age, and he filed his first income tax return when he was only 13 (Sosik, 2006, p.149). Buffett’s value investment career started when he put his money in Berkshire Hathaway, a little known and ignored holding company based in Omaha, Nebraska in the 60’s. Now everybody is startled to know that if you invested $10,000 in the company in 1965, the value of that money today would be more than $30 million (Investopedia Staff, 2007). If his close billionaire friend Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard University to focus on Microsoft Corporation, Buffett, who is known in the business world as ‘Oracle of Omaha,’ was rejected by Harvard Business School. This experience somehow taught him a great deal not only about business but also about life. To most people Harvard is one of the best, if not the best, schools in the world, but Buffett thought otherwise— his basis of choosing school was not the institution, but the people who would impart the requisite knowledge and values. So when asked about his mentors, Buffett only had three people on top of his mind— his father, Benjamin Graham, and Phil Fisher. His father— Howard Buffett— taught him the positive values he needed to live, while Graham and Fisher taught him the basic principles in investment and how to make money in this profession. His investment style is consisted in the following rubric— think outside the box. When he graduated from college, he wanted to make money in Wall Street, but his father and Graham discouraged him (Miles, 2004, p. 30). The two believed that there were great opportunities waiting for him outside Wall Street. That was the time when everybody wanted to work on Wall Street and when everybody focused their attention on the stock market. Buffett believes that stocks are more than just an asset or capital; it is business. His Philosophy It would be futile to know the secrets of his billion dollar secrets without knowing how he thinks and what he believes in. Unfortunately, most of his biographers failed miserably to look into what is in the mind of the world’s greatest investor. In fact, a review of some literatures and articles would reveal that they just focus on the extrinsic side of Warren Buffett; they failed to look at the intrinsic aspect of his life. Many believe that his philosophy is consisted in these two major Buffet rules— first, never lose capital; and second, don’t ever forget the first rule (Miles, 2004, p. 70). It would be best to say that this does not embody Buffett’s philosophy but rather his tactical investment approach. A business philosophy is something that one holds as his primary direction in life— the fountainhead of his concepts and beliefs, the beacon of his goal, and the reason for living. Buffertt’s business philosophy can be expressed by his following simple quote— â€Å"Be feaful when others are greedy and be greedy when others are fearful† (Hagstrom, 1997, p. 52). Essentially this buffett-line expresses the inherent nature of free-market system, which he and his friend Bill Gates have in common. Under a free-market system, it is rational and ethical to be greedy, since the primary goal of a capitalist is not just to earn profit but to expand it and ensure that it creates limitless profits and opportunities. For some this statement may sound ironic or paradoxical since it contradicts the popular or media-fed persona of Warren Buffett. With this belief— that greed is good, Buffett was able to transform his meager investment into a multi-billion dollar empire that even exceeded that of Gates and Mittal. His investment experience proves that by creatively and greedily investing one’s money— one can make a good or even great fortune out of creative value investment. So what does it take to be like Warren Buffett? Definitely it takes a rational and moral philosophy, proper knowledge, and non-conventional investment point of view to follow the billion dollar investment footsteps of Buffett. But what is the role of philosophy in Warren Buffett’s billion dollar investment strategy? The problem with most people is that they tend to mainly focus on tips, secrets, or strategies. Most successful people did not achieve their status by keeping ‘success secrets’ or ‘strategies’ but by putting into action a rational philosophy that motivates and creates values. A simple look at the life and investment career of Buffett would reveal that it is his rational philosophy that continues to motivate him— that keeps on pushing him to do what he does best. As what Fridson said, budding investors must focus on â€Å"uncompromisingly rational investment philosophy† of Warren Buffett. This is because investment secrets or strategies can be absorbed or learned in a very short span of time or even overnight, but it takes an indefinite period of time to absorb and embody a rational philosophy to translate these secrets or strategies to reality. Of course, this billionaire will not exactly say what people would like to know. Contrary to the many written articles about his investment secrets or strategies, Buffett’s secret is in fact consisted only of three simple words that should be practiced everyday— â€Å"read, research, and think† (Miles, 2004, p. 70). Vague and ambiguous as it may seem but this three-pronged strategy is what Buffet practiced and embodied throughout his more than fifty years in the world of investment. That is why it is stressed in this paper that simplicity best describes the life and investment principles of Buffett. For example, this read-research-think approach of Buffett is the essential element of his cigar-butt investment method. Buffett in fact creatively applied this three-pronged approach in his early years as a value investor. Unlike most investors, Buffett put much premium on his rational judgment than on what most people see in the market. His investment style can be likened to that of a diamond prospector. He knows how to assess which diamond is real or not in just a single glance. He reads, he researches, and he thinks. His Investment Strategy Buffett’s investment strategy is governed by two rules and a number of principles. These dual rules have been mentioned above. This sets the difference between his investment philosophy and his investment strategy. Thus in this paper, Buffett’s investment strategy is composed of rules and principles. Under his primary rule, it is not sensible or moral for an investor to invest and then later on lose his money. Thus this can be avoided by paying attention to his three-pronged investment approach— read, research, and think. By following the aforementioned approach, a young investor may be able to discover several things that are essential in investment’s decision-making process. Buffett considered Graham as his investing mentor. According to Miles (2004, p. 72), it was the Graham school from which Buffett learned not just the basics but also the quantitative principles in investment. On the other hand, he learned a great deal about Fisher’s qualitative side of investment, such as brand, management skills, soft skills, and competition. Thus he said: â€Å"I am an active reader of everything Phil Fisher has to say† (Miles, 2004, p. 72). Now every promising and even established investor is eager to hear what he has to say. Despite his unparalleled success as an investor, he still gives credit to his two mentors, as he likes to say that he is 85 percent Graham and 15 percent Fisher (Hagstrom, 1997, p. 27). The reason why it is important to read, research and think is because in investment, it is highly indispensable to consider the following aspects: a) study the business; b) know well who runs it; c) put money in profits; and the most important of all d) have self-esteem. On the other hand, Buffett’s basic steps when investing are the following (Miles, 2004, p. 70): Determine how much you own Conduct research before buying Focus on business ownership not on stock ownership Simplify investments to manageable proportions Keep a single decision to hold a stock and be a continuing holder For example, before investing his money, Buffett researched first the nature and potentials of Gillette, which is still the world’s top producer of razor blade. Warren’s holding company Berkshire Hathaway invested $600 million in Gillette in 1989; four years ago it already owned 11 percent of said company. This means that from the original $600 million investment, Warren’s holding company’s investment grew up to over $3 billion. When he decided to purchase Gillette, he did not mind its value in the market but the potential profits it could muster in the long run. As a value investor, Buffett put money in securities with low prices according to their intrinsic value. In determining the value of a stock, there is no commonly acknowledged method to get the right figure. Basically, the focus of value investors is not on what the market says but on what the company’s potentials and fundamentals offer. This is because there are some companies that are undervalued by the market yet with good potentials to grow and rake in long-term profits. This is the attitude that Buffett showed to modern investors. Markets only reflect the short-term value of a company, and it takes proper knowledge, better understanding, and courage to discover which company is undervalued and has the capacity to establish a long-term profit-making success. His investment methodology Buffett’s methodology is composed of quantitative aspects in value investment. Under this process, he considers the relation between a stock’s quality and its value. Based on his method, the return on equity is equivalent to net income over shareholder’s equity (Investopedia Staff, 2007). One thing that Buffett considers is debt/equity. Before investing, he conducts research whether a company kept away from excess obligation. This is actually a basic principle in investment— do not invest in a company with huge debt. To Buffett, a debt-ridden company has a low capacity to guarantee return on equity. Debt/equity can be measured by dividing the total amount of obligations by shareholders’ equity (Investopedia Staff, 2007). If a company has more debt than equity, it is not advisable to put money in such company since it uses debt to finance its assets and operations. For instance, a company that has a higher ratio of debt vis-à  -vis equity has an unpredictable earning capacity and is prone to high interest expenses (Vick, 2000, p. 169). When one is investing in a particular company, it is advisable to look at the long-term obligation rather than the total amount of debt. Another aspect that is considered by Buffett is the profit margin. However it is not only important to know if a company’s profit margin is high, what is more important is to know whether it is growing. The capacity of a company to earn long-term profits relies not merely on having a positive profit margin but on constantly expanding this profit scope as well. The attitude of Buffett towards investment can be explained by how he managed Berkshire Hathaway. He purchases stocks to keep the same and he does not look at stocks as a commodity that can be bought and sold but as a business entity. His investment style is simple— he buys stocks and treats them as his own business, and this business makes profits not just for a short span of time but for as long as it stays profitable. He also considers the age of the company— the longer the better. Those that stay in the business for at least ten years are good investment opportunities. Since Buffett admits that he only has a limited knowledge in technology corporations he only puts money in a business which he absolutely understands. He puts much premium on longevity, and this principle brought him where he is right now. When he invested in Berkshire Hathaway, he envisioned of a long-term business that could earn a limitless amount of profit. This is what he learned from Graham, which most researchers consider as the proponent of old school in investment. Perhaps the new school in investment is the buy-and-sell style of most investors wherein profits are short-term and limited. Interestingly, Buffett also looks at the nature of business of a particular company. If most investors usually look at numerical figures, Buffett focuses on the qualitative sides of a company. For example, if a company depends on a commodity like gas and oil, he thinks that such company only offers limited returns on equity (Investopedia Staff, 2007). If the product of a company is identical from those of its market rivals, he thinks that competition would hamper the profit-making ability of such company. To understand the importance of this approach in investment, it is necessary to look at the biggest stock holdings of Berkshire Hathaway. The holding company owns 9.5 percent of Gillette, which is the leader in razor blade industry (Jubak, 2004). It also owns 9.2 percent or $10.1 billion of Coca-Cola, which is one of the biggest companies in the beverage industry. The other companies which Berkshire has shareholdings are the following: American Express, American Standard, Ameriprise Financial, Anheuser Busch, Burlington Northern, Comcast, Comdisco, Conoco Phillips, Diageo, First Data Corp., Gannett Inc., GAP, HR Block, Home Depot Inc., Ingersoll-Rd Co., Iron Mountain, Johnson Johnson, among many others (Losch Management Co., 2006). Conclusion Billionaire Warren Buffett is indeed an unconventional value investor who thinks outside the box. At a time when most people paid attention to what the stock market says, Buffett relied only on his competent judgment, on his rational philosophy, and on his self-styled investment principles and strategies. That investment philosophy— be greedy when others are fearful put him to where he is right now, with billions of dollars in his. Despite his unmatched success, he remains humble and still retains the ethical values he learned from his father (Boroson, 2002, p. 18). In business, greed is moral and good. In contrast, fear is something that must be overcome to earn limitless profits from investment. Indeed, Buffett attained his unparalleled success by being ‘greedy’ while others cowered in fear of losing their money.   Taken as a whole, his investment tactic can be summarized into three essential principles— a) make your strategy simple and understandable; b) be consistent with your operations and approaches; c) focus on positive long-standing prospects. One interesting point to take into account is that Buffett’s philosophy and investment strategies never contradict each other. When he advises new investors to be ‘greedy,’ he means profits and business. And when he tells people who would like to follow his footsteps to read, research, and think, he would like them to rely on their own judgment and not be affected by other people’s opinion and market trends. With his more than fifty years in business, Buffett introduced the importance of self-esteem in investment. That it is important to rely on one’s moral judgment. By relying on his own judgment, Buffett maximized his profit-making capacity through Berkshire Hathaway. This means that there is no difference between the work ethics and potentials of a value investor and an industrialist. If Bill Gates and Lakshmi Mittal both create technology through their colossal industrial empires, Buffett creates limitless potentials through his creative and self-inspired investment principles. REFERENCES Boroson, W. (2002). J.K. Lasser’s Pick Stock Like Warren Buffett. New York: Wiley Cunningham, L.A. (2002). How to Think Lke Benjamin Graham and Invest Like Warren Buffett. New York: McGrawhill Professional. Losch Management Co. (2006). Berkshire Hathaway Stock Holdings 2006. Retrieved December 11, 2008, from http://www.loschmanagement.com/Berkshire%20Hathaway/Berkshire%20Holdings/2006.pdf Hagstrom, R.G. (1997). The Warren Buffett Way: The Investment Strategies of the World’s Greatest Investor. New York: Wiley. Investopedia Staff (2007, September 21). Warren Buffett: How He Does It. International Business Times. Retrieved December 11, 2008, from http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20070921/how-he-does-it.htm Miles, R.P. (2004). Warren Buffett Wealth. Principles and Tactical Methods Used by the World’s Greatest Investor. London: Wiley Sosik, J.J. (2006). Leading With Character.   North Carolina: Information Age Publishing. Vick, T.P. (2000). How to Pick Stock Like Warren Buffett. New York: McGrawhill Professional.