Influences of Gender

Intertidal Wetlands-Geography Essays

Intertidal Wetlands-Geography Essays Intertidal Wetlands-Geography Paper Intertidal Wetlands-Geography Paper The area is home to the saltwater plant Lanthanum tokens. The plant is found in only four known areas, the Sydney Bicentennial Park wetland being one of these areas. The size of the wetland ecosystem has decreased significantly due to human advancement and land use. The once abundant shoreline has been dramatically altered disrupting the ecosystem. This impact has led to traditional and contemporary management strategies being utilized for protection and conservation of the intertribal wetland for the future fauna, flora and people. The traditional indigenous cultures, specifically the Wang Clan, have a close affiliation with the land. Not only did it provide plentiful resources for their arrival, their religious beliefs illustrate them as the caretakers of the land. They were able to appreciate the area and understand its value, unlike the contemporary industrialized societies. The intertribal wetland offered an esteemed hunting ground but the Aboriginal people did not abuse the fragile environment. Their aim was to nurture the land for the benefit of future generations and they only took what they needed. The Wang Clan showed their most respect for the wetland, their appreciation towards the area led to minimal disruption and efficient use of the resources. Indigenous Australians also involved themselves in long term management procedures. They would artificially fertilize flowers and seed river flats. This practices would re-establish plant populations and replace the resources that they may have used. Aboriginal Australians would also create breeding places for animals, for example they would dig pits that would eventually fill with water creating a breeding ground for frogs. The greater part Of their management strategies were to conserve species of plants and animals. The traditional management strategies left a minimal footprint on the wetland ecosystem. Their methods were sustainable as they would replace the resources theyd use. The value of intertribal wetlands has become known only very recently. The lack of knowledge and ignorance of past generations, more notably developers, has led to substantial disruptions in the local ecosystem. The building of bund walls has had a significant effect on the hydrology of the site as it has modified the flow of water. The change in flow reduced the amount of water getting to the mangroves and soil moisture in mangroves has decreased. The establishment of bund walls has ultimately led to destruction of the wetlands; in particular Wentworth Bay which no longer exists. A contemporary strategy to allow the ecosystem to return to its initial state is the removal of the bund walls. Though the removal of bund walls is of high cost, the final result of having the original flow of water reinstated is influential. The atmosphere in the intertribal wetland plays a significant role in the interactions of the biophysical environment. The construction of non- linear walkways minimizes disturbances to the canopy and decreases wind handling often seen with linear walkways. The erection of walkways has also created a designated path to control the access to the ecosystem. There has been a massive reduction in disturbance of the area and the pathway protects the mangroves from unnecessary destruction. However, these wooden pathways are high maintenance and a low life span. The majority of the public are unaware of the importance of wetlands. Education campaigns have been influential in changing public perception and support for the preservation of the wetlands is increasing. Bicentennial park provides education programs that include guided tours of the wetland to the public. As a contemporary management strategy education enables the public to realize the vital need to protect the wetlands. They are informed by information officers, education officers and field staff about the steps they can take to contribute to looking after the wetlands. The effectiveness of this contemporary management strategy is reasonably high. The involvement of the public is enormously important for the conservation of the Efficient nail park wetlands. Human impacts on the Bicentennial intertribal wetlands have decreased as we become more knowledgeable of the importance of this ecosystem. Traditional and contemporary management strategies are utilized to conserve and protect the area. The genetic diversity of intertribal wetlands should be cherished and looked after. The contemporary management strategies have fought to combat the past negative impacts concerning the intertribal wetlands. These strategies were predominantly successful in preserving and conserving the genetic diversity of the Bicentennial Park intertribal wetland. The Wang Clans traditional management strategies allow an appreciation and understanding of the land. Their religious ties to the area give them a responsibility to care for the land that provides them the ability to live. After all the damage made in the past, the traditional and contemporary ecosystem management strategies of the Bicentennial intertribal wetland ecosystem are proving to encourage growth and repair. The conservation and sustainability of the land have consequently saved the ecosystem, though there is still a long way to go, the ecosystem has been salvaged for the future.

The study of product development as the core in transforming medium Literature review

The study of product development as the core in transforming medium size businesses into large multi-national companies - Literature review Example Six different theoretical frameworks have been formulated to explain organizational transformation. They include life cycle, evolutionary, dialectical, teleological, social cognition and cultural approaches to change. Evolutionary models include social evolutionary and biological models. Here it is assumed that situational variables, circumstances and environment faced by each organization determine the change in each organization. Here very little role is given to people in determining the direction of change and change is considered as very slow process.The later version of these models assume managers having ability to respond and anticipate changes.Based on this theory, mergers are considered as a form of organizational transformation to respond to forces outside an organization. Through mergers, there can be overall change in the organizational structure of an existing corporation in a mature product market as a part of its growth strategy to survive in the industry. This happens when the results of the past investment decisions will not be able to produce assets or resources that can finance the activities. Thus, the process of mergers and acquisitions involves the reduction in the resources as a part of the reallocation to new growth areas. In the case of mergers, the firms receive a surplus than they obtain individually through the economies of scale. This surplus increases when the product demand is high and falls when it is low. ... Thus, the process of mergers and acquisitions involves the reduction in the resources as a part of the reallocation to new growth areas. In the case of mergers, the firms receive a surplus than they obtain individually through the economies of scale. This surplus increases when the product demand is high and falls when it is low (Lambrecht and Myers, 2004). In addition to these, during the economic downturns, the unproductive assets existing needs to be sold off to shareholders. The hesitancy of the management in doing so results in takeover activities (Maksimovic and Phillips, 2000).The takeover results in selling the unproductive assets to the acquirer of the firm and thereby reaching the proceeds of the takeovers to the shareholders. Thus mergers result in cost savings and revenue enhancement. The main criticisms of the evolutionary models include their base on mathematical field and not human fields, failure to explain change as a social phenomena, difficulty in linking environme ntal and organizational variables, etc(Collins,1998). The teleological models see change as the phenomenon resulting from the leaders’ perception of necessity to change. Here change is assumed to be dependent on internal decisions in accompany instead of external changes. This model gives the central role to leader and considers leader as a rational agent and change is explained on the basis of scientific management tools. Thus these models are considered as more human than the evolutionary models (Brill and Worth, 1997). This theory focuses on the need for leaders to motivate the followers rather than imposing their behaviour on followers (Trice and Beyer,

New Equality Act 2010 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

New Equality Act 2010 - Essay Example However, they are not well embraced in the modern times. It is believed that all people are equal regardless of their gender and race. As such, governments have been pushing for equality policies across the world. The United Kingdom parliament introduced the equality act 2010. This act was based on a number of laws and acts that had been introduced in the United Kingdom in the past. Despite its introduction, equality is yet to be achieved in the workplace (Varkaik, 2005). There are many challenges facing the implementation of this act. The equality act 2010 promises to equate all people regardless of their gender and race in the workplace but faces many challenges in the implementation, which need to be addressed accordingly. History of Equality Act 2010 The vision and objectives of the equality act 2010 were proposed back in the 1960s. It had been realized that some groups, gender, and races were discriminated against in the United Kingdom in many sectors. Some people were paid less in the workplace; others had challenges getting jobs because they belonged to a certain race and others because of their gender. The equal pay act of the 1970 was the first law to be passed regarding this. According to this law, people doing the same workload in the same department are required to be paid the same amount regardless of their gender and race. ... No employer or institution would discriminate any person basing on these grounds (United Kingdom Legislation, 2013). Disability act of 1995 also forms a part of the equality act 2010. Disabled people should have equal opportunities to employment basing on this law. The Equality Law 2010 (Work Place) The passing of the Equality Act 2010 was embraced by many people across the United Kingdom. However, there are serious concerns about whether anything will change. Experts have been documenting everything that has been happening after passing of the vital acts which form a part of the Equality Act 2010. They have confirmed that indeed, not a lot of changes have been documented after the passing of those acts. No wonder some people have been questioning what has been happening in the last four decades from the time the Equal Pay act was passed in 1970. The very things the parliament meant to protect people from have been happening right under their eyes. Discrimination This is one of the l argest problems in the United Kingdom in the current times. Despite the passing of laws to reduce discrimination, research indicates otherwise (Favre, Grainger and Brewer, 2011). Women and minority races in the United Kingdom are the most affected. Women do not have equal opportunities with men in the work place (Verkaik, 2008). While many men are employed in well paying permanent jobs, only a few women are employed. The other women are employed in low paying part time (Lee, 2002). In fact, only about 30% on average women are employed in the permanent well paying jobs. The percentage of women in the low paying part time jobs is 79%. This clearly indicates that most

Evaluative Review Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluative Review Assignment - Essay Example Recommendations Organize with parents to address ways to identify if their child has destructive tendencies According to Jimerson and Furlong (2006), this is a better way of dealing with a student’s aggressive behavior. Parents are better positioned to evaluate their children mannerisms and take the necessary measures. Education about the signs of this behavior will assist parents in taming their misdemeanor. Application of this will streamline a student’s morals and methods of associating with others. Parents are occasionally determinants of a child’s character development. Therefore, their children are more likely to take heed of their advice. Metal Detectors According to Jimerson and Furlong (2006), the employment of a metal detector in searches is highly advisable. It is in the interest of all students that this practice is approved. Some students who have malicious intentions towards the teaching staff or fellow comrades are capable of carrying weapons to th is effect. However, persons who do it should not abuse this activity. This measure will definitely discourage students from transporting harmful objects to schools. Metal detectors have proven effective in sectors such as airports and highly guarded government institutions. It has reduced potential threats such as terrorism and smuggling. Follow the law The law is a guideline of limitations and freedoms we should exercise. Teachers are to exercise acceptable disciplining methods of students who have behavioral cases (Conoley and Goldstein 2004). Disciplinary punishment should be implemented to the extent instructed by law. Excessive use of force in disciplinary cases often initiates some violent and rude behaviors from students. This can have extensive consequences as the student can resort to unconventional ways of coming even. Conoley also suggests that statistically, in many cases students win legal cases concerning discipline and the institution suffers the embarrassment. Teache rs should be more cautious on this issue. Training School Staff The schools staff both administrative and non-administrative is instrumental in ensuring proper safety precautions are adhered to (Conoley and Goldstein, 2004).Violence is impartial and occurs randomly in view of the supposition that it is intricate to determine a person’s intentions. Students have developed clever ways to conceal their intentions. Therefore, the staff including teachers, train guards and drivers should focus on violence prevention. The staff should be trained to take steps promptly when violence occurs. This will help them mitigate the adverse effects that associate to this vice. They should also be trained to detect destructive behavior in the initial stages thus enabling them prevents unavoidable that was to happen. According to Daniels and Bradley (2011), ignorance of the staff of growing tensions between students is what leads to the columbine High school riot. Violent incidences were ignore d based on the perpetrators social status in the institution. This allowed the popular and senior students assault their fellow junior scholars uncontrollably. The intimidated student’s collective anger led to the rampage. The staff was vindicated on their negligence of the spiteful activities that were occurring in that institution. Establishment of Good Trust relationship with Students According to Daniels and Bradley (2011), most of the students who partake in these acts have

Effect Of Globalisation: Educational Policy

Effect Of Globalisation: Educational Policy Globalisation is a buzzword nowadays and it is often claimed as a natural process by many views especially from popular media. Globalisation is inevitable to a nation. Different nation may have different response and effect of globalisation. Many sectors are affected either in good or bad ways due to globalisation and one of the examples is in education sector. In this article, I wish to discuss the effect of globalisation on educational policy, especially in Malaysian context. Globalisation is not restricted to a definition; it can be define in many ways depending from which views it is seen. In my point of view, globalisation is a process where the world is shrinking, becoming borderless and viewed as a sense of global wholeness and unity. Globalisation made everything becomes easier and it has led to great changes in many sectors since hundred years ago. However, it has speeded up over the last century due to the presence of advance technology in communication. The usage of emails and internet are the example of globalisation where global communication takes place almost instantneous. According to Bottery (2006), globalisation can be defined as the planet is viewed as a whole and the speed of communication had shrunk it over the last few centuries. Many theorists and authors generally define globalisation a process involving the movement of the worlds people, images, technologies, finance including trade, money, and capital, and ideas, such as practices concerning states and other institutional policies. (http://infonomics-society.org). Globalisation is said to be marked by speedy, free movement of people, services, capital, goods, ideas and knowledge across borders. Some people believed globalisation is a negative phenomenon which affects the world in many ways. One of the common problems that are always associated to globalisation is environmental problems. To name a few, global warming, ozone depletion and imbalance ecology system are the impact of globalisation, specifically environmental globalisation. Another example of destructive globalisation impact; cultural globalisation is seen as the cause of losing ones culture and language since everyone is adapting and practising the dominant culture. McDonald is the example of recent dominant culture as a result of cultural globalisation. Despite the negative affect of globalisation, another group of people agree that globalisation has given advantages to the world, where people get more connected and informed than ever before. Looking from cultural globalisation, Bottery states it provides cultural variety in one location to eat virtually any national dish, attend any religious ceremony, and lis ten to any kind of music. These varieties, as claims by Bottery provide education with different windows through which new perspectives are gained. Besides that, cultural globalisation too offers access to different beliefs and approaches to life, and be a real force for spiritual growth (Bottery, 2006). On top of that, globalisation is not solely focuses on the advance of technology, Bottery (2006) in his article claims globalisation includes environmental globalisation, cultural, demographic, political, American and economic globalisation and it is a continuous process whether human being recognised or not. He then added that the process of globalisation affects nation states, generate policy mediations and have direct impact upon educational institutions. To conclude, different types of globalisation put different tensions to the world. However, the different types of globalisation interact and influence one another in diverse ways, creating a more complex and difficult world to live on. Education Education is ranked among the main concern of nation-states as it is playing a remarkable role in shaping and preparing children for the future in an increasingly globalised world. In fact, much money is spent on education as a public service due to its importance. To achieve the aims of education, traditionally, nation-states developed their education policy in regards to what they saw as important to their nation. However, in recent context, education policy is seen beyond the nation-states, it is become internationalised to the dominance of the global economy over the national politics. Within the wider context of globalization, education is now regarded as an international service, playing a remarkable mission in the global economy with investment in people, skills and knowledge. Simply, it argues that education policy nowadays is formed and implemented in a global context. The improvement of education policy recently is also due to global competitiveness, due to invent human cap ital discourse which is economically competitive to other nations. In such global context, improving global competitiveness has been targeted by nation-states education policy. This is due to invent human capital discourse which is economically competitive to other nations. (infonomics-society.org) According to Mundy, many countries have become more competitive by working hard to enhance the productivity of the domestic labour force which can be accomplished by introducing new educational policies, programs and reforms that prepare children to compete in the global labour force. He later added; despite benefitting the education, the competiveness among these nation-states enhancing the production of new education polices with full of value. In fact, many studies have confirmed that there have been new education policies that introduce reforms in curriculum, pedagogy and evaluation, seeking to boost competitiveness among nation-states. Examples of these reforms are engagement in international comparisons of test performance, national curriculum and productive pedagogies Rizvi and Lingard [41] confirm that globalization has reformed and redesigned the educational policy terrain. Effect The process of globalization has deeply shifted and changed the ways in which education policies are developed, implemented and evaluated as globalization has witnessed the reworking of the nation-state; the site at which public policy was most commonly created. Positive effect It is no doubt that globalisation leads to a better education policy. This is due to education is a vital part to help a nation to compete with other nations. The role of education has changed in most common nation-state as they realised the importance of giving proper education to the people which eventually helped the economic growth of the nation. For example, recent finding in India states that Indian Education System has increased fourteen-fold in terms of the number of universities and thirty three-fold in terms of the number of colleges, in comparison to the number at the time of Independence (http://www.aserf.org.in/presentations/globalization.pdf). As a developing country, Malaysia too undergoes changes in education policy to meet the need of this globalised world. The colonisation of British in Malaysia left long lasting effect to the deviations of Malaysian education policy, which is continuously changing until today. Traditionally, education in Tanah Melayu started as a private enterprise which is mainly concerned in producing man with means of knowledge and skills for his well-being and for his salvation in the hereafter. The education system in Tanah Melayu then changed as the British needs skilled people to work for them in order to exploit the economy in Tanah Melayu thus the British colonial provides the school for locals. When the British colonized Malay, they instituted an education system in all of the colonies with the purpose of helping the natives to maintain traditional life and to prevent social unrest through restricted education (Hooker, 2003). In fact, the British limited education to creating better fisherme n and farmers, because the British worried that an over-educated population might rebel against colonial rule (Hashim, 1996).( https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/9167/Tableman_Leslie_Diana_MPA_Win09.pdf?sequence=1) This is the starting point of revolution in education policy in Malaysia, where economic sector is the biggest influence to the change. Education is an important tool in supporting the infrastructure of a country, hence having a reliable education system is critical to the success of developing countries in a global economy (Tableman, 2007). (https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/9167/Tableman_Leslie_Diana_MPA_Win09.pdf?sequence=1) Much said globalization is synonymous with the opening of national borders to the international flow of goods, services, raw materials and resources, information and technology, and human resources. In the last three decades, East Asia has been reported to experience a period of economic development which has been described as unprecedented and miraculous (World Bank, 1994). Economic growth and educational expansion is closely related, and these two aspects are also linked to state formation and developmental state. It is supported by Green (2002), the coincidence in East Asia countries of economic advance with educational expansion clearly suggests a close relationship between the two. For example, it has been reported that in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, the economic development grew eight per cent a year, which is way faster than other region on the world (Green, 2002). Generally, the enrolment rates in secondary school were below 50 per cent in each country in th e early 60s, however, these four countries have undergone enormous expansion in education, where each of the countries had quite high levels of basic education. In fact, Taiwan and South Korea now have among the highest rates of upper secondary completion in the world, and a large proportion of those who complete go on to higher education (Green, 2002). (ENGLISH AS DOMINANT LANGUAGE : http://idosi.org/wjihc/wjihc1(1)11/6.pdf) In response to economic recession in 1997 in Malaysia, the Malaysian government took a few drastic actions to reform the economy in Malaysia. The needs for more graduates and k-workers who could speak English well and who are able to work in multinational companies were listed as important strategies. To meet such needs, the government reversed the English language policy in schools. Beginning 2003, the medium of instruction for Math and Science subjects started to be taught in English. Having, at least, a credit in English in the national school examination would be an advantage for students to be accepted at public universities. Now English becomes a second language in Malaysia again. In fact, the last Malaysian Prime Minister revealed that 94% of unemployed graduated in the country are Malays and they are unable to procure jobs because industrial jobs called for a high English language competency. (http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=xzrSYcBxaV4Coi=fndpg=PA123dq=effect+of+g lobalization+on+education+in+malaysiaots=KNH2yfoWDUsig=odAIpeFxJyJmIwMCY1hdrhvx4sc#v=onepageqf=false) Indeed, with the advancement of technology in the classrooms, the way students learn English in Malaysia may not be the same as it was before. (http://cluteonline.com/journals/index.php/CTMS/article/viewFile/5575/5658) However, there is complicated issue regarding the usage of English language to teach Math and Science, the policy is reverted to using Malay and English to teach both subjects. Despite the issue, it is remarkable that English language is an important language for people to compete, as most of the trade commodity use English to communicate. As a developing country, Malaysia needs to focus on the aspect of lifelong learning, which is essential to meet the changes in the demand for more knowledge workers, especially in producing skilled workers. In the area of higher education, universities have become factors of the competitive advantage of nations (Porter, 1998). To obtain and sustain competitive advantage in various industries, the higher education is the main locus that moves economies forward, and the primary means of educating and generating the talent or human capital. Besides that, due to the same fact to boost world economies, universities have become more self-consciously global, especially universities of the advanced nations, looking for students from around the world who represent the entire spectrum of cultures and values, besides sending their own students abroad in educational exchange programmes to prepare them for global careers. Some of the universities also offering courses of study that address the ch allenges of an interconnected world and collaborative research programs to advance science for the benefit of all mankind. As a consequence, the forces of shaping higher education cause the movement of people across the border. Students travel from one developed nation to another, and from developing or less-developed to the developed countries to seek good education. (http://amrjournal.blogspot.co.uk/2009/07/impact-of-globalization-on-malaysias.html) The preamble to the Malaysian Education Act 1996 states that education plays a vital role in achieving the countrys vision of attaining the status of a fully developed nation in terms of economic development, social justice, and spiritual, moral and ethical strength (http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FA%3A1017572119543) The economic globalisation has affected Malaysian higher education policy where in 1995, the Malaysian government reversed its opposition to private universities and encouraged private sector investment in higher education. However, the private sector including foreign providers is strictly regulated. Malaysia instead legislated to maintain governmental control over the emerging private higher education sector in order to make it meet what the government sees as the cultural and economic needs of the nation. According to Ward and Eden (2009), for education, neo-liberal economics means introducing the kind of competition which makes private business success ful. Neo-liberals want a free-market in education, making education as commodity which is bought and sold; schools are the providers and parents and children the consumers or customers. In the 1990s not only private universities and colleges are liberalised, many private schools and international schools are also built. Now, foreign capitals are allowed to hold up to 49% of the shares in any private educational company. Branch campuses of foreign universities are allowed, in fact attracted to set up in Malaysia. (http://www.japss.org/upload/1.%20globalization.pdf By 2000, there were 11 public higher educational institutions, 7 private universities, 3 foreign university branch campuses, and more than 400 private colleges approved by the Malaysian government (Challenger Concept, 2000). Most of the private institutions offer their own diplomas as well as foreign-linked degree programs, some of which require students to complete one or more years of study overseas while others can be completed entirely in Malaysia. Some of these colleges, such as Taylors College, are foreign-owned. With the money flows through this education commodity, the economy of the country will develop greatly. However, one question remain, is this liberalization, globalization and privatization of education good for Malaysians, especially the poor. It is clear that the poor cannot afford to go to private school which requires high fees. For example, one of secondary schools in Malaysia, known as Saad Foundation College, the fees required for a year is about RM 41 000 (equivalent to 8200 GBP). That is a big amount of money compared to average salary of working class people in Malaysia. It is said that private school serves better place to educate the students, for example private schools have much smaller classes, much better student-teacher interaction, excellent extra curricular activities; we take the children out of the school and into the community and we even teach several languages like French, Bahasa Malaysia and Mandarin. Although private school is good for students lifelong lear ning, it is a disadvantage to the poor, where they have no chance to have the same kind of education and is always lacking. Tooley concludes in his recent report Could Globalization of Education Benefit the Poor? That: The argument began, first by showing that there are private schools available to, and patronized by, the poor in developing countries. Second, there is evidence showing that these schools are offering poor parents and children a better deal, educationally-speaking, than the state alternative. Teachers in the private schools, in particular, the research has suggested, show a much greater commitment to teaching than in the government schools. These two considerations suggest that private education in itself could be beneficial to the poor. (http://www.japss.org/upload/1.%20globalization.pdf) Economic globalisation has affect education greatly. Higher education is swept up in global marketisation. It trains the executives and technicians of global businesses; the main st udent growth is in globally mobile degrees in business studies and computing; the sector is shaped by economic policies undergoing partial global convergence, and the first global university market has emerged. (http://doc.utwente.nl/60264/1/Marginson07globalisation.pdf) Globalization is also affecting methods of educational delivery and support. Traditional classroom delivery is now enhanced with electronic learning support. Online courses, virtual classrooms and Web-based tutorials are some delivery methodologies for distance education across borders as a result of globalization. In fact, using ICT in education is inevitable as ICT has changed the way businesses and industries are conducted and influenced the way people work, interact and function in society (UNESCO, 2002). ICT has become common place at home, at work, and in educational institutions (Kirkup Kirkwood, 2005). The use of ICT, including the Internet at home and work places, has increased exponentially (McGorry, 2002). Explosion of knowledge and information in the era of information technology has somehow helped the globalization of education. The introduction of computers and internet and other technology-mediated learning through the use of VCD, CD-Rom, Email, E-Chat, database, webpage, LMS, digital library, etc have helped in the dissemination of information and knowledge to millions around the world (http://idosi.org/wjihc/wjihc1(1)11/6.pdf). Due to this fact, Malaysia is trying to integrate the use of ICT in education, besides to bridge the gap within the global trend as other countries have long developed the policy of ICT in education. The development of the Policy on ICT in Education in Malaysia is underlying of four major pillars; Human Capital, Budget, Digital Learning Resources and Infrastructure. One of the examples the implementation of ICT in Malaysian Education policy is the launching of Smart school. The objective of the smart school Flagship Application is The Smart School is a learning institution that has been reinvented in terms of teaching and learning methods and school administration system in order to prepare the students for the Information-Based Society. Creativity and better management of information is facilitated through the use of technology where students, teachers, administrators and parents are better prepared for the challenges of the information Age. The Smart School applications brings the benefit of technology to the educators and administrators. These also allow the young to get familiar with the ICT world using tools such as personal computers, scanners, printers, multimedia products, TV/videos, etc. at a much earlier stage in life. They get to appreciate the power of the Internet and multimedia applications, which can make learning more interesti ng and enriching. This will in turn result in them becoming more technology savvy (http://www.mscmalaysia.my/sites/default/files/pdf/publications_references/SMART_SCHOOL_ROADMAP_020506.pdf) Smart School is not just about ICT intervention in teaching and learning. The national curriculum and pedagogy are given the highest importance, with the role of teachers, administrators, parents and the community enhanced in the education of the Malaysian students. Individuality, creativity and initiative amongst the students are prioritised. However, ICT is critical in making the teaching and learning processes easier, more fun and effective, as well as making communication and management among the stakeholders more efficient.

American Jefferson Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"American Sphinx: The character of Thomas Jefferson† A book by Joseph J. Ellis. Copyright 1997 Vintage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joseph J. Ellis, a historian who was educated at the College of William and Mary and Yale, is a Ford Foundation Professor of History at Mount Holyoke University. He has written four books on historical topics, centered on the time Jefferson was alive, dealing with issues and personalities Jefferson dealt with firsthand. After authoring a book on a politician such as John Adams, Ellis seems to have felt a need or want to focus on Jefferson, presumably because of his status as founding father and main contributor to the constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ellis’s thesis in American Sphinx can be summed up by the quote in the prologue by James Parton: â€Å"If Jefferson was wrong, America is wrong. If America is right, Jefferson is right.† However, Ellis gave the impression that he was brought reluctantly to the task of researching and writing so extensively on Jefferson. Perhaps he was spurred on by the rebirth of interest in the Jefferson legacy. In recent years, the exposure of Jefferson’s affair and subsequent illegitimate children to a mulatto slave named Sally Hemings, and Ellis’s own experience of watching another scholar of Jefferson imitate him to near perfection probably inspired Ellis to add a few more notches to his authoring resume.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The influence Jefferson has over Ellis is apparent. He began college at a school founded by Jefferson, and is fond of a statue conspicuously facing the women’s dorms on campus. His professional research and scholarship always involved some indirect influence by Jefferson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even so, in writing this book, Joseph Ellis has taken an unbiased approach to Jefferson, never smoothing over points and incidents in which Thomas had definitely misjudged. Ellis realizes that in reality, no politician or leading figure can ever amount to the ideal of perfection attributed to some, (i.e. Jesus Christ) but stands by Jefferson in the face of heavy critics who would defame Jefferson’s name and work based on issues and or mistakes that happened in life outside the political world. I have also noticed that Ellis, when quoting other Jeffersonian authors, will contradict the reference he quoted, but will not dispu... ...wn errors, which will never be intentional; and your support against the errors of others, who may condemn what they would not if seen in all it’s parts.† (Pg. 214) Quite profound in comparison to the speeches often heard today by Presidents who would never admit to any wrongdoing. (I did not have sexual relations with THAT woman)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After his term of office was over, Jefferson led an active life in American ideals and politics. However, his life was never the same after his wife died, and many of the current criticisms of Jefferson stem from this post presidential period. It is my firm belief that Jefferson deserved no reprimand for his actions then, or now. To conclude, Jefferson has been turned into a hero to me by Ellis, and probably without Ellis intending to do so. A scholar such as Joseph warrants literary acclaim when he creates a biography that so wonderfully illustrates the life of a man to whom this nation owes so much. It is my intention to reread this book, and perhaps others he has read. Based on the fact that this is a book review, I will jump into Bill Cosby’s shoes, pretend I’m on Reading Rainbow, and sing a little song about this book.

Job satisfaction in an mnc

IntroductionJob satisfaction is an of import subject to cover with in the relation of human resource direction. The of import function of human resource revolves around the chief facet of supplying the occupation satisfaction to the employees. Assorted economic experts have mentioned the occupation satisfaction in different ways because of its different behavior. In my research, this is the cardinal subject to be discussed and I will seek to heighten the points to be considered while doing the policies for a occupation for any peculiar employee. Job satisfaction is one of the most widely discussed and enthusiastically studied concepts. However, occupation satisfaction is among the most hard concepts to specify. The assorted definitions of occupation satisfaction make it clear that different research workers have different sentiments about occupation satisfaction. Harmonizing to Wood ( 1973 ) , occupation satisfaction is the status of contentment with one ‘s work and its environment, denoting a positive attitude. Locke ( 1976 ) stated that occupation satisfaction could be viewed as a â€Å"pleasurable or positive emotional province ensuing from the assessment of one ‘s occupation or occupation experiences.† Other pointed out that occupation satisfaction was merely a map of the grade to which a occupation provided the worker with positively values results. Wanous ( 1980 ) said that occupation satisfaction was a lucifer between a individual ‘s demand and the support received from work performed in an organisation. Job satisfaction signifiers an built-in constituent of the complex system of overall satisfaction. Fixing the preset characteristics of occupation satisfaction is a cardinal aim of any HR policy. The HR executives are responsible for accomplishing those policies and therefore, taking the growing in the company along with the occupation satisfaction.The Purpose of the StudyThe intent to take this subject is to analyse the importance of occupation satisfaction in Multi National Companies ( MNCs ) . The ground to travel for MNCs is the addition in the displacement over of the employees for future growing. The shifting, therefore, includes the satisfaction in the given occupation function. Through my research, I will seek to analyse the causes and consequence relationship between the employee and the factors behind occupation satisfaction in a given MNC.Aim of the StudyThe chief purpose of the survey is to look into the remains taking to negative and positive occupation satisfaction in a MNC.The Aims of the StudyThe cardinal aims of the chosen subject are:Estimating the causes of employee attitudes.Declaring the consequences of positive or negative occupation satisfactionMeasuring the employee attitudeTo measure facet-specific degrees of occupation satisfactionTo mensurate general occupation satisfaction,Literature ReviewThere are several grounds for analyzing occupation satisfaction. Organizations step occupation satisfaction primary because of its presumed direct relationship to the short-run ends of cost decrease through increased single productiveness and decreased absenteeism, mistakes, and dissatisfaction have been found to be related to occupation turnover, absenteeism and tardiness. Employee turnover rates have been the most restraints step associated with occupation satisfaction ( Atchison & A ; Lofferts, 1972 ; Brayfield & A ; Crockett, 1955l Dawis & A ; Lofquist, 1981 ) . Mowday ( 1984 ) recapitulate the likely pessimistic significance of employee turnover in footings of the impact on organisations. There are assorted impacts of pessimism in occupation satisfaction on the turnover of the company such as:Addition in the enlisting cost.Enrolling new employees and so developing them every bit good.It can take to reduced societal dealingss ships among employees.No or merely few public dealingss.Decrease in company ‘s chances which can halter the growing.Harmonizing to Lawler ( 2005 ) , â€Å"the research grounds clearly shows that employees ‘ determinations about whether they will acquire to work on any given twenty-four hours and whether they will discontinue are effected by their feelings of occupation satisfaction. The fact that present satisfacti on influences future absenteeism and turnover clearly indicates the causal way is from satisfaction to behavior† . There is a correlativity between occupation satisfaction and variables such as accomplishment, acknowledgment, the work itself, duty, advancement, policy and disposal, working conditions, supervising, occupation activities and gender.Research MethodologySaunders et Al ( 2005 ) â€Å"Research design is the agreement of conditions for aggregation and analysis of informations in a mode that aims to unite relevancy to the research intent with economic system in procedure† . The research to be followed is a bit-by-bit procedure. This makes the full research procedure systematic. Merely primary research shall be used to pull illations. The beginnings used shall be of international reputation and will be trusty. The chief beginning will be instance survey and besides some books, diaries, articles and publications including Internet beginnings.Mentions:Adams, J. S. ( 1963 ) . Toward an apprehension of unfairness. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67 ( 5 ) , 422-436.Bedeian, A. G. , Ferris, G. R. , & A ; Kacmear, K. M. ( 1992, February ) . Age, term of office, and occupation satisfaction: A narrative of two positions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 33-48.Brayfield, A. H. , & A ; Crockett, W. H. ( 1955 ) . Employee attitudes and employee public presentation. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 396-424.Bruce, W. M. , & A ; Blackburn, J. W. ( 1992 ) . Balancing occupation satisfaction and public presentation. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.Carrell, M. , & A ; Elb ert, N. ( 1974 ) . Some personal and organisational determiners of occupation satisfaction of postal clerks. Academy of Management Journal, 17 ( 2 ) , 368-373.Cherrington, D. , Nyal, D. , & A ; McMullin, B. ( 1989 ) . Organizational behaviour. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.Cook, J. D. , Hepworth, S. J. , Wall, T. D. , & A ; Warr, P. B. ( 1981 ) . The experience of work: A collection and reappraisal of 249 steps and their usage. New York: Academic Press, Inc.Cranny, C. J. , Smith, P. C. , & A ; Stone, E. F. ( 1992 ) . Job satisfaction: How people feel about their occupations and how it affects their public presentation. New York: Lexington Books.Fisher, C. D. ( 1980 ) . On the doubtful wisdom of anticipating occupation satisfaction to correlate with public presentation. Academy of Management Review, 5 ( 4 ) , 607-612.Gable, R. K. , & A ; Wolf, M. B. ( 1993 ) . Instrument development in the affectional sphere ( 2nd ed. ) . Norwell, MA: Kluver Academic Publishers.Glisson, C. , & A ; Durick, M. ( 1988 ) . Forecasters of occupation satisfaction and organisational committedness in human service organisations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33 ( 1 ) , 61-81.Golding, J. , Resnick, A. , & A ; Crosky, F. ( 1983 ) . Work satisfaction as a map of gender and occupation position. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60 ( 3 ) , 313-317.Grau, M. R. ( 1997 ) . An probe of the job-related stressors of section presidents in a selected community college system. ( Doctoral Dissertation, Texas Southern University, 1997 ) . Dissertation Abstracts International, 58, 3379.Gruneberg, M. M. ( 1979 ) . Understanding occupation satisfaction. New York: The Macmillan Press, Ltd.Hackman, J. R. , & A ; Oldham, G. R. ( 1975 ) . Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60 ( 2 ) , 159-170 Applied Psychology, 49 ( 3 ) , 209-216.Hulin, C. L. , & A ; Smith, P. C. ( 1964 ) . Sexual activity differences in occupation satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 48 ( 2 ) , 88-92.

buy custom Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press essay

buy custom Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press essay The topic presented is to discuss on how does Michael Schudsons argument about the place of expertise in democratic government and politics echo his skepticism about idealist understandings of democracy and his realist advice about taking the culture and institutions of representative government seriously. Schudson considers analysis as one of the key roles in which journalists help in breaking down important events into something more comprehensible to the public. Schudson acknowledges social empathy as the human interest story. The book entitled Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press was written by a Guggenheim fellowno other than Michael Schudson. Michael Schudson is a distinguished professor of the Dept. of Communication at University of California in San Diego. Hes a professor of Communication at the Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University. Hes great works has lead him to be a regular contributor in the Columbia Journalism Review, The American Prospect and the OpEd pages of the New York Times. He was known for his provocative essays pertaining journalism and democracy making him to be one of the recipients of MacArthur Foundation genius award winners. His outstanding book, Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press has been a blockbuster. The main topic of this book covers about journalism and democracy and the relationship between each other with the following question: Journalism does not create democracy and democracy does not invent journalism, but what is the relationship media but viewing them with comparison to bring out a fair context with understanding that news is centered between them? The book focused on U.S. on story-telling with facts on varied controversies about the current knowledge today and its function. It deals on whether experts should have a responsibility in governing a state in democratic perspective through unbiased news in a lively and provocative manner and straightforward with rich understanding of journalism. Michael Schudson defended the establishment of American Newspaper and its relevance to democracy through his essays. Through this form, Michael Schudson managed to support an argument as to the significance of democratic pres. Schudson argues on the importance of news to relay information to the public which is the most common goal in a democracy to identify government officials who are accountable to public scrutiny. Schudson considers analysis as one of the key roles in which journalists help in breaking down important events into something more comprehensible to the public. Schudson acknowledges social empathy as the human interest story but other than that, they are mainly used as possible electors to gain social change. Democracies Need an Unloovable Press Its a strange title, Michael, What do you mean by it? Schudson answered that it was indeed and that it was intended to provokebut it originally came from Alexis de Tocqueville, who was widely quoted with such quotation that quote: the press in America is a building block essential to democracy. And that gets repeated at journalism banquets all over the countrythough he made some addendum as an afterthought saying that journalism is very relevant for America specifically the newspaper not for its goodness because he himself finds it cantankerously obnoxious and violent, but for preventing bad things that could possibly happen which he thinks as absolutely of utmost importance but unlovable. Obviously, journalism is being used as a public forum where the peoples voices are represented as one to air their grievances or as vigilantes to those who are in the government position for check and balance purposes in the true spirit of democracy. Schudson is determined to the awareness of protecting the minority rights in the interest of ordinary people. He further challenges the advancement of liberal democracy in journalism to politically cover institutions which were not given importance through a certain process called horizontal accountability in which the press conduct surveillance not just during elections but how the team members of respective institutions coordinate with each other. Furthermore, Schudson encourages new goals as advancement for the press which is ideal for democracy. Buy custom Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press essay

Amphoteric Oxide Definition in Chemistry

Amphoteric Oxide Definition in Chemistry An amphoteric oxide is an oxide that can act as either an acid or base in a reaction  to produce a salt and water. Amphoterism depends on the oxidation states available to a chemical species. Because metals have multiple oxidation states, they form amphoteric oxides and hydroxides. Amphoteric Oxide Examples Metals that display amphoterism include copper, zinc, lead, tin, beryllium, and aluminum. Al2O3 is an amphoteric oxide. When reacted with HCl, it acts as a base to form the salt AlCl3. When reacted with NaOH, it acts as an acid to form NaAlO2.Typically, oxides of medium electronegativity are amphoteric. Amphiprotic Molecules Amphiprotic molecules are a type of amphoteric species that donate or accept H or a proton. Examples of amphiprotic species include water (which is self-ionizable) as well as proteins and amino acids (which have carboxylic acid and amine groups). For example, the hydrogen carbonate ion can act as an acid: HCO3−   OH−  Ã¢â€ â€™ CO32−   H2O or as a base: HCO3−   H3O  Ã¢â€ â€™ H2CO3   H2O Keep in mind, while all amphiprotic species are amphoteric, not all amphoteric species are amphiprotic. An example is zinc oxide, ZnO, which does not contain a hydrogen atom and cannot donate a proton. The Zn atom can act as a Lewis acid to accept an electron pair from OH−. Related Terms The word amphoteric derives from the Greek word amphoteroi, which means both. The terms amphichromatic and amphichromic are related, which apply to an acid-base indicator that yields one color when reacted with an acid and a different color when reacted with a base. Uses of Amphoteric Species Amphoteric molecules that have both acidic and basic groups are called ampholytes. They are primarily found as zwitterions over a certain pH range. Ampholytes may be used in isoelectric focusing to maintain a stable pH gradient.

Literature Review for research on benefits of prekindergarten programs Essay

Literature Review for research on benefits of prekindergarten programs on literacy readiness - Essay Example The paper tells that Assel, Landry, Swank, and Gunnewig (2007) conducted an investigation to prove that American pre-school children lack sufficiency in language and literary skills to move forward to kindergarten. Prior to conducting this, they have their reference from two language and literacy curricula. In order to justify their point, Assel, Landry, Swank and Gunnewig created a pre and post-test design and initiated them to 603 children as chosen respondents plus a control group. In the data analysis, they formulated a multilevel growth curve modeling having child outcomes as dependent variables, while child’s level performance and rate of growth between pre and post test as independent variables. Based on the result, compared to those in the control group, the skills of children under language and literacy curricula have significant improvement. Thus, the proponents concluded that a well-specified curriculum in prekindergarten programs has a substantial impact on childre n’s learning. In conclusion, it is obvious that prekindergarten programs have remarkable impacts on children’s literacy. However, understanding this aspect requires careful evaluation of the subject matter itself. The entire issue is not only confined in the actual evaluation of children’s literacy skills but including their environment and especially the entire prekindergarten program itself. At this point, it would be remarkable to consider the most obvious about how prekindergarten programs could be maximized for children’s literacy benefits.

Evolution of Correctional System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evolution of Correctional System - Essay Example In America, the correction system has witnessed great, interesting changes from the medieval times, to the current super-max prisons. With this in mind, this paper will address the evolution of the correction system, including a historical overview of different types of corrections and custody levels. The criminal justice system of America is concerned with both punishment and corrections, however, today; America has the highest inmate population in the world. The history of corrections system in America traces back to the European system, which was in England, Holland, and France. America only improved on this system in the way they executed it. In the past, common law comprising set rules offered guidance and helped people in solving different social problems. The process of law was under the guidance of judges, as they were responsible for making decisions relating to law. However, as time went by, the colonial system developed their system of criminal justice, which laid the foun dation for the present criminal justice system in America (Gottfredson 11-15). In the 16th and 17th Centuries, there were various correction modes. Most of them were based on public shaming, in order to teach offenders a lesson, and deter others. This approach was to prevent the recurrence of criminal activity, and included, cutting off ears, the stocks, whipping, ducking stool, and placing people in the pillory. For much heinous crimes such as murder, the criminals faced execution through public hanging. The act of imprisonment was rare in colonial years. However, this later found its way into the American criminal justice system. In prisons, people waited for their trial or punishment, while in detention. All types of criminals were detained together while waiting punishment. However, these prisons were poorly maintained, due to the negligence of the prison warders. Most people detained in prisons lost their lives due to various diseases, such as the gaol fever. Houses of correcti on were to serve a purpose of instilling industry habits in offenders through labor in prisons. The people held in these houses were mainly petty offenders, the local disorderly poor, and vagrants. Near the end of the 17th Century, houses of correction were absorbed into the prison system, and put under the control of the local justices of peace (Tonry 12-15). In the 18th Century, many executions of criminals were undertaken. This raised concerns and led to the opposition of the death penalty by many people. They suggested that not all offenders found guilty should be subjected to a death penalty, however, only those convicted of serious crimes such as murder, should be executed. This opposition was counter-productive as jurors finally considered executions for petty offenders extreme. They therefore had to look for a much fairer way of punishing petty offenders, other than execution. In the mid-18th Century, imprisonment, with hard labor, was decided on as the most appropriate form of punishment for petty offenders (Freeman 77-80). Transportation was the most appropriate method used to dispose convicts. These were transported by ship to the America and other British colonies by ship. This happened until the America War of Independence. However, at the end of the 18th Century, there was curtailing of transportation. This means that alternative sanctions had to be put in place. These were later