Comparing three b2b or b2c web strategies :: essays research papers

I. Introduction The worldwide network of computers, called "Internet", provides opportunities for a company to do business in cyberspace. Organisations find it more and more important to represent them on the Internet to get more customers, to increase the public's awareness of the companies and their products, and to sell more of their products. However, corporate leaders are finding it difficult to keep up with fast-moving markets and the customer conditions that are the hallmark of the Internet. There are numerous and widely varying predictions of the potential of doing business via the Internet, including the increasing numbers of people with Internet access, of corporate Web sites, of Web spending by advertisers, and of total online shopping. Yet, confusion abounds concerning exactly what is happening, how much potential there really is, and what businesses should be doing to take advantage of it. The very nature of commerce on the Net can be baffling, even to the experienced marketer . Both businesses and consumers perceive many obstacles to successful online commerce. In order to successfully cultivate online market share, companies are compelled to design marketing strategies specifically for the information highway. I.A. Popularity of the Internet From its comparatively humble beginnings in the 1960s as a means for protecting US mainframe computer systems in the Cold War, to a 1970s link for scientists and academics to share data and research, the Internet has blossomed in the 1990s into the information age's curious marriage of the personal computer and citizens' band radio (Hof and Verity, 1994), instantaneously linking a user with the whole electronic world and providing the means to interact with that world. This explosive growth of the Internet, including commercial networks and services, has been accompanied by an astounding increase in the population of Internet users. The huge potential of customers and consumers has businesses scrambling to get on to the Web, with its low cost and broad reach. Millions of people worldwide can utilize the Web's affordable and easy access to view product, service and information offerings from an unknown number of potential entrepreneurs. (Chaffey et. al., 2003) Estimates say that the business side of the Internet is small today, but with untold billions in potential sales looming ahead. The prospect of millions of bright, well-educated, upwardly mobile people searching for some new outlet in which to spend their money has been too attractive for many businesses to ignore, in spite of slow initial momentum (Johnson, 1995).

Commentary How to Tell True War Story Essay

Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried is a work of metafiction that manages to test fiction in its very nature through the chapter, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story.† The blurred line between reality and the imagination is explored by the given account—the reader is alienated and forced to think, does the truth matter in a war story? This chapter alternates in narration between O’Brien as a soldier and as a storyteller, examines the duplicity of whether story truth or happening truth is more vital, and explores the reactions which listeners and readers alike are to gather from these stories. O’Brien opens the chapter with three powerful words which set the tone for his debate throughout the chapter, â€Å"This is true.† (O’Brien 67). Narration of this chapter continues in first person where O’Brien narrates a story, analyzes its validity, and moves on to tell another aspect of the story, taking it apart. This syntax mak es the reader feel interrupted and disoriented. You have barely had time to absorb the heartbreaking story before O’Brien switches gears, saying, â€Å"A true war story is never moral† (68). He sets qualifications for true war stories—â€Å"absolute and uncompromising allegiance to obscenity and evil† (69) and manages to clarify in his next pause in storytelling warning that â€Å"it’s difficult to separate what happened from what seemed to happen† and acknowledges people perceive things differently and thus will tell the stories differently (71). The stories are told with beautiful figurative language-personification, imagery, â€Å"war has the feel†¦of a great ghostly fog, thick and permanent. There is no clarity. Everything swirls,† and metaphor, in a tone where the reader is easily sucked in, only to be jarred awake with the factual and almost conversational tone of O’Brien’s analyses. To put things in context, the previous chapter, â€Å"Friends†, mentions Rat Kiley as the helpful medic for the dying friend. â€Å"Dentist† follows as a goodbye story to Curt Lemon. O’Brien includes foreshadowing and post-acknowledgement of both characters surrounding the chapter to bring them together and create an undercurrent within the chapter where the reader  is forced to see how the order, though on the surface seem random, is actually predetermined. The core theme that a true war story cannot be factually believed is repeated multiple times throughout the chapter. One finds that â€Å"true† in war story does not mean the happening truth, but how well it relates to the appropriate emotional response, or story truth. The ultimate example of this is the heroic story of a man throwing himself onto a grenade to save his comrades. Whether or not anyone survives, â€Å"Absolute occurrence is irrelevant. A thing may happen and by a total lie; another thing may not happen and be truer than the truth†¦That’s a true story that never happened† (83-84). The author leaves the reader with mixed emotions, where they may feel cheated from the happening truth, but they also experience the emotion the storyteller wants them to feel—the story reality that â€Å"a true war story is never about war† and there is always an deeper meaning to be discovered(85).

University of Bridgeport Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Bridgeport is a private, career-oriented university with an acceptance rate of 57%. Founded in 1927, the universitys 56-acre campus sits on the Long Island Sound in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The University of Bridgeport offers associate, bachelors, masters, and doctoral degree programs in professional fields. UB has more than 40 undergraduate programs, and academics are supported by a 16-to-1 student / faculty ratio and an average class size of 17. On the student life front, the University of Bridgeport offers about 50 student clubs and organizations. In athletics, the University of Bridgeport Purple Knights compete in the NCAA Division II East Coast Conference and the East Coast Athletic Conference. Considering applying to the University of Bridgeport? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, the University of Bridgeport had an acceptance rate of 57%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 57 students were admitted, making University of Bridgeports admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 7,404 Percent Admitted 57% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 12% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of Bridgeport has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to UB may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.  During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 95% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 460 550 Math 440 540 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of  University of Bridgeports admitted students fall within the  bottom 29% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UB scored between 460 and 550, while 25% scored below 460 and 25% scored above 550. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 440 and 540, while 25% scored below 440 and 25% scored above 540. While the SAT is not required, this data tells us that a composite SAT score of 1090 or higher is competitive for the University of Bridgeport. Requirements The University of Bridgeport is test-optional except for a few specialized programs. Note that students applying test-optional to UB are required to submit a personal essay. For students who choose to submit scores, note that the University of Bridgeport participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. UB does not require the essay section of the SAT. ACT Scores and Requirements The University of Bridgeport has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to UB may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.  During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 7% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 14 23 Math 16 25 Composite 16 23 This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of University of Bridgeports admitted students fall within the  bottom 27% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UB received a composite ACT score between 16 and 23, while 25% scored above 23 and 25% scored below 16. Requirements The University of Bridgeport is test-optional except for a few specialized programs. Note that students applying test-optional to UB are required to submit a personal essay. For students who choose to submit scores, note that University of Bridgeport does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. UB does not require the optional writing section of the ACT. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of University of Bridgeports incoming freshmen class was 3.04. This data suggests that most successful applicants to the University of Bridgeport have primarily B grades. Admissions Chances The University of Bridgeport, which accepts over half of applicants, has a competitive admissions process. However, UB also has a  holistic admissions process and is test optional, and admissions decisions are based on more than numbers. A strong application essay and a glowing letter of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a rigorous course schedule. Applicants are encouraged to send additional recommendations, resumes, or other documentation to support their application. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and test scores are outside University of Bridgeports average range. Note that applicants to Bridgeports programs in nursing, dental hygiene, music, interior design, graphic design, and industrial design have additional admission requirements. If You Like University of Bridgeport, You May Also Like These Schools: University at AlbanyBinghamton UniversityUniversity of New HavenQuinnipiac UniversityFordham UniversityUniversity of ConnecticutAdelphi UniversitySouthern Connecticut State University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Bridgeport Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Inspiring Quotes - Inspirational Quotes For Stress Relief

Often, a shift in perspective can help relieve the stress of a variety of situations; thats where inspiring quotes can be not just fun to read, but great for stress management as well. The following group of inspirational quotes goes a step further--each quote is followed up with an explanation on how the concept relates to stress, and a link is supplied to supply you with additional information to take things a step further. The result is a collection of inspiring quotes you can share, and an increase in optimism and motivation as well. Yesterday is gone. Tomorrow has not yet come. We have only today. Let us begin.- Mother Teresa Being fully present today is not only a great way to maximize your success, but its a very effective strategy for relieving stress as well. If you struggle with anxiety and rumination, try mindfulness. We all live with the objective of being happy; our lives are all different and yet the same. -Anne Frank I love this quote. And while different specific things may lead to happiness for each of us, we all tend to respond to the same basic elements, according to positive psychology research. Heres what makes most people happy--what specific things make you happy? Better to do something imperfectly than to do nothing flawlessly. -Robert Schuller Perhaps surprisingly, perfectionists can be LESS productive because the intense focus on perfection can lead to procrastination (or missing deadlines entirely!) and other success-sabotaging side-effects. Do you have perfectionistic tendencies? If so, what might you do today to allow yourself to enjoy a successfully imperfect day? We turn not older with years but newer every day. -Emily Dickinson This is a great quote to remember each birthday, or on days when youre feeling your best times just may be behind you. One thing I started doing for birthdays (and adding to on ho-hum days) is creating a bucket list of great things I still intend to do. What might be on your bucket list? Some of the secret joys of living are not found by rushing from point A to point B, but by inventing some imaginary letters along the way. -Douglas Pagels Sometimes adding some fun activities into your schedule can give you the energy and motivation to handle the work of your day with a smile. Other times, these activities can lighten your mood, or provide you with a sense of meaning that can get you out of bed in the morning. What imaginary letters might lessen your stress today? Never regret. If its good, its wonderful. If its bad, its experience. Victoria Holt I’m a big fan of savoring experiences (the positive psychology way)—that’s easy! Accepting and learning from mistakes is challenging, but no less important for our emotional wellbeing, and positively vital for our stress levels! What mistakes can be embraced and mined for good experience? Being happy doesnt mean that everything is perfect. It means that youve decided to look beyond the imperfections. --unknown Stress relief, like happiness, doesnt come from having a perfect life. It comes from appreciating the great stuff, and coping with the less-than-great stuff. What do you appreciate in life? What can you look beyond? Freedom is mans capacity to take a hand in his own development. It is our capacity to mold ourselves. --Rollo May One of the best ways to change your life is to change the way you think about things. Changing your perspective can change everything. How would your day be better if your thoughts shifted? He who smiles rather than rages is always the stronger. -Japanese Wisdom Its not always easy to do, but if youre able to laugh instead of crying or screaming, stressors are easier to handle. Think of a time when you did this well, and remember your strength. A childs life is like a piece of paper on which every passer by leaves a mark.-Chinese Proverb We are all affected by the experiences we have in life, especially as children. Helping kids learn healthy stress management techniques (and reminding ourselves at the same time, or learning along with them) is one of the best gifts you can give. How might you make a difference in the life of a child today?

Should Students Attend High School For The United States

†¢ The teacher will write the following question on the board, and ask students to guess what they think the percentage or number is. †¢ â€Å"I want you all to guess how many students attending high-school are homeless in the United States?† †¢ The teacher calls on a few students for their guess, then the teacher will reveal the actual number. †¢ How many students attending High School in the United States are homeless? o Last year, 1.36 million public school students were homeless, according to data released by the Department of Education. That’s almost double the amount recorded in the 2006-2007 school year. o http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/homeless-public-school-students_55f997bce4b0b48f67018e4a o â€Å"According to the Department of Education, 1.36 million public school students were homeless for the 2006-2007 school year. That is the most updated information, and so you can imagine how that number has changed in the past ten years.† †¢ â€Å"Why are we looking up the answers to these questions? How are the answers to these questions important in terms of our question, Why does discrimination matter? †¢ â€Å"What are some stereotypes of young people? Please write down all the ways in which you see teenagers being stereotyped. We will discuss what you have written down after.† †¢ The teacher will write the question on the board and instruct students to make a list in their notebooks. †¢ â€Å"What are some of the stereotypes that you all came up with?† o EX: Lazy, always on their cell-phones,Show MoreRelatedUndocumented Students From The United States1491 Words   |  6 Pages Undocumented Students in Georgia Shelby Gonzalez GSMST According to Golden Door Scholar, there are 1.4 million undocumented students in the United States and out of the 1.4 million students, only 7,000 will attend college. 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Collapse of the Ussr Free Essays

string(147) " in cities across the USSR began forming larger political groups known as ‘clubs of socially active citizens’ \(Chubbier, 2001; 190\)\." Stephen Wears Assess the mall factors of the break-up of the soviet Union The break up and dissolution of the soviet union on the 25th December 1991 heralded the end of the Cold War. It ushered In what had been termed ‘the new world order’, furthermore, it was suggested by Francis Fauvism to have signaled the end of history and the battle of ideas which had dominated much of the twentieth century (Huntington, 1996; 31). The ‘clash of civilizations’ had already seen the demise of fascism as a credible force in 1945, the close of 1991 would see the end of communism in Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Collapse of the Ussr or any similar topic only for you Order Now The relatively sudden collapse of the USSR has compelled winkers and analysts to seek answers as to why the world’s second superpower could collapse so quickly and so utterly. Can it be attributed to one single catastrophic event, or is it far more appropriate to place blame on a number of contributing factors? The controversy surrounding the collapse of the USSR has been compared to the collapse of the Roman Empire among others and will also continue to be interpreted and reinterpreted for many years to come (Liqueur 1993; 387). This essay will look at some of the factors which lead to dissolution and assess the importance of each. The key issues that this essay will assess include the problem of he nationalities, the Geographer factor, economic problems, and the social and political upheavals caused by Perestroika and Glasnost. The Geographer factor must be viewed In the context of state of the country he Inherited from his predecessors coupled with the effects of Glasnost and Perestroika. It has been suggested that Glasnost and Perestroika played key roles in hastening the collapse of the world’s second superpower. Glasnost (meaning openness) allowed people to see the flaws In the system and questions were raised as to whether or not communism had been good for Russia. Perestroika (meaning restructuring) also highlighted flaws in the lattice and bureaucratic system that could not be given a quick fix. The economic problems of the USSR have also been cited as a considerable factor in the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The command economy had stifled Innovation and its existence outside of the world economy had caused major problems. Further to this the USSR could not keep up with the military spending of the USA during the 1 sass. Competing against the military spending of the Reagan Administration as well as fighting a protracted war against the Munched in Afghanistan had all but exhausted the economy of the USSR. The nationalities provided a great problem for any ideas of national unity. It has been argued by Lord William Wallace that it would be very difficult for the European union evolve into a unified state because there is a lack of identity and little sense to shared history across the continent (Smith, 2005). This is the same problem facing attempts by soviet leaders to foster a single soviet nationality. The very same Issue had been faced by the Tsarist system before It. One of the few things the nationalities had in common was the centuries of Russian domination. Sitting on what 75 years before had been the Tsarist Russian Empire, the Soviet union faced same problem as had the Tsarist regime, namely the Incredibly republics of the USSR, was made up of many smaller semi-autonomous republics. Russians formed the biggest ethnic group at Just over 50%, followed by the Ukrainians with 15% of the total population. Other nationalities included Zebu; Biliousness; Khaki and Volta Attar among many others. The downfall of the Soviet Union gave an opportunity for peoples across the vast territory from Kampuchea to the Kola Peninsula to glamour for recognition (Dukes, 1998; 332). This suggests that the problem of the nationalities would continue to e a headache for the newly formed Russian Federation. The rise of nationalism added to the troubles faced by the Kremlin during the sass. The growth of the Transactions and Baltic Popular Fronts had brought the problem of the nationalities to the fore when in 1989 the Red Army entered Tidbits to assist the Georgian authorities in putting down a rally. Soviet troops were also used to prop up the communist government of Azerbaijan under threat from nationalist forces (Chubbier, 2001; 195). The Baltic States did not Join the chorus of statements of sovereignty which had come from Astrakhan and Ukraine, this was because they regarded their incorporation into the USSR as an illegal act. They challenged the legality of the Molotov – Robertson pact of 1939 and achieved international support in the form of the American refusal to recognize the annexation of the region (Strayed, 1998; 152-153). The policy of Perestroika can be seen as the catalyst for the increase in nationalism as the planned restructuring of the USSR exposed fundamental flaws in the Soviet system. The policy of Glasnost also exposed corruption within the Caucasian and Central Asian republics, Geographer responded by replacing the Khaki Communist Party leader Sunken with a Russian. This caused a great deal of rioting in Almost (Strayed, 1998; 150-151). Further to the rise of popular front movements within the constituent republics, the Soviet Union was also facing a crisis with its East European satellites due in part to the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika. Glasnost and Perestroika are often cited as the most important factors in speeding the demise of the Soviet Union. Eric Hobbies claims that the only thing that made the soviet system work was the command structure of the party and the state which had been inherited from the days of Stalin (1995; 480). Once again it mimed that reform from the top was going to introduce fundamental change which was to be ultimately uncontrollable. Hobbies also suggests that ‘glasnost amounted to the disintegration of authority’ and ‘perestroika amounted to the destruction of the old mechanisms which made the economy work’ (1995; 483). Perestroika had to an extent legalized dissent, and groups in cities across the USSR began forming larger political groups known as ‘clubs of socially active citizens’ (Chubbier, 2001; 190). You read "Collapse of the Ussr" in category "Papers" This radical departure from the Soviet norm of suppressing membership of political parties other than the Communist Party was acclimated by the decision to stop arrests on the grounds of political activity. The release of political prisoners saw the growth of new organizations outside of the Soviet system, however by 1988 this opposition numbered Just a few thousand (Chubbier, 2001; 191). Glasnost played a major part in the unraveling of the Soviet Union. It brought forward into stark light the myriad of social problems which had 320-321). Part of glasnost and perestroika involved the relaxing of censorship of the press and other media. It was clear to Geographer that hard line censorship was a utile exercise given the increasing public access to western broadcasts, particularly in the aftermath of the Coherency disaster of 1986 (Acton, 1995; 320). It was recognized that reform of the economy and wider society could not happen under the current level of state censorship. Not even Lenin escaped criticism under glasnost, it was claimed that the October revolution had been an unmitigated disaster for Russia, leading the nation on a long road to nowhere (Acton, 1995; 323). Geographer and his policies of glasnost and perestroika soon faced serious problems with regards to implementation of the reforms. It seemed that Geographer was trying to do the impossible by marrying completely opposing concepts, ‘socialism with capitalism, totalitarianism with democracy'(Chubbier, 2001; 194). This was also known as the Geographer Factor. The Geographer Factor stems from the problem of the Soviet Union being too reliant on the top figure in government (Chubbier, 2001; 194). It was almost impossible to override the powers held by Geographer, even if it did mean following his lead to the destruction of the USSR. It can be argued that this same problem led to economic stagnation under Brethren and the less than successful schemes of Khrushchev. Regional fragmentation and the erosion of the USSR as a ‘political and economic empire’ pushed the republics further towards secession, the communist parties in the Baltic States split from the main communist party of the Soviet Union (CUPS). This caused a wave of similar actions in other constituent republics and served to hasten the disintegration of the country. The process of demonstration initiated by Geographer set the Soviet Union on the course to oblivion for it allowed the republics to elect popular governments and vote to secede from the union via referendum. This most significant of these was the referendum held by Ukraine the results of which indicated the will of the people to leave the union. However this is at odds with the referendum set down by Geographer regarding the retention and reform of the USSR, which received overwhelming popular support. Nevertheless the simple fact that the largest republic in the USSR other than Russia had voted to leave the union could only have a catastrophic effect on the future of the country as a whole. Geographer had no choice but to accept these events, as there could be no return to Stalinist era of brutal suppression such as that en during the Hungarian Uprising in 1956. Geographer faced opposition to the introduction of restructuring and openness to the soviet system. The opposition came to a head in August of 1991, the central state bureaucracy made an attempt at regaining political control of the country (Chubbier, 2001; 193). A coup d’Â ©tat was launched in an attempt to reassert conservative values to the Soviet system. Geographer was put under house arrest in Crimea while attempts were made at reversing the damage done by perestroika. This however received no popular support from the public, prompting Boris Yielding to act to put a stop to the coup. Yielding, President of the Russian SF led a three day resistance movement which involved barricades being set up in central Moscow and around the ‘White House’ to prevent the plotters from assuming power (Chubbier, 2001; 193). This proved to be Geographer’s power almost completely eroded, a secret meeting of the leaders of the three main Slavic states declared that the USSR officially ceased to exist. Without a country to lead Geographer tendered his resignation on 25th December 1991. All but five signatures were present on the declaration of the end of the USSR. The Baltic tastes had long maintained their annexation was illegal, Georgia would sign later. The other noticeable absence was that of Mikhail Geographer (Chubbier, 2001 ; 194-195). This essay has given an assessment of the events leading to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Although it cannot be said with any great certainty that any one factor was more influential than another, it must be noted that Glasnost and Perestroika have not been too far away from any of the issues discussed here. The two flagship policies of Geographer had been intended to complement each other, in reality they had the opposite effect. Attempting to Join opposing concepts was a futile exercise which no doubt hastened the demise of the Soviet superpower. The problems faced by the Soviet government ran much deeper than appeared to the Soviet public. Years of economic stagnation and bureaucratic strangulation had left the Soviet Union a spent force by the late sass. Robert Strayed suggests that ‘tinkering with its fragile structures would send it [the USSR] spinning into oblivion’ (1998; 88). One can’t avoid this harrowing assessment being very similar to the assertion made by Doll Hitler shortly before launching Operation Barbarous, hat ‘one has only to kick in the door, and the whole rotten edifice will come crashing down’. Of course this was a statement of propaganda and should be viewed with that in mind. Ultimately the Soviet Union was broken by a series of intertwining events, both long term and short term, some more important than others but each playing a crucial role. Just as the USSR was established on the ruins of the Tsarist Empire, the newly formed Russian Federation is established on the ruins of the USSR, marked by the raising of the Russian Atrocious, watched by a small group of pro-communist supporters. List of References How to cite Collapse of the Ussr, Papers

Carries Out The Marketing Of These Products â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Carries Out The Marketing Of These Products? Answer: Introduction Graincorp is a publically listed company under ASX (Australian Stock Exchange) and the major business of the company is to receive and store the commodities related to grains. The company also offers the logistics and also carries out the marketing of these products. Their vision statement represents what they want and their strategies represent how to achieve those targets. The main objective is to get the identification and become the leader in the world in delivering various retail goods and services in the fast growing retail sector and generating value for the companys shareholders at the same time through providing better working environment and asking the local people in which the company operates to take active part in the business. The strategy of the company is to focus on strengthening the core business of the company. These involve pursuing for the growth opportunities and delivering the return on the capital investment as well as expanding their business with improvement of the efficiency (Graincorp.com.au, 2016). Audit planning Audit planning involves establishment of overall strategies of audit for developing and engaging the audit plan. In particular, the audit plan includes the planning for the risk assessment process and planning the responses for the risk associated with material misstatement. Planning of audit is not the separate phase of the audit rather it is an iterative and continuous process under audit (Chou, 2015). It starts with the previous audit and goes on till the conclusion of the current audit. The audit planning is a process that is carried out through steps and under the planning the internal control and the financial aspects of the client are reviewed. It is recognized that preparing the audit plant by NY audit firm for their client Harvey Norman will require careful and in-depth observation. Different stages are there under the audit planning aspects. They are Make acceptance of the client and performing the planning for the initial audit As the business process and operating environment of each company is different, the planning of the audit must be different and specific for each company. It is observed that the business procedure and circumstances of Graincorp Limited is different as it included under the agri-business. Therefore, the agri-business industry shall be analysed before planning the audit for Graincorp Limited. It is identified that the previous years audit was performed by Price Water House Coopers, NY audit firm shall go through the previous years audit report issued by PWC and may contact the auditor before carrying out the audit of the company, if it is permitted by the company (Plumlee, Rixom Rosman, 2014). Further, the various companies that are associated with Graincorp Limited may be contacted to get any specific information regarding the client. Further, the following tasks must be carried out before proceeding for the audit plan Selecting the employees those will be engaged for the purpose of audit Recognizing the reasons behind the requirement of the client for audit Forming a understanding level with the client company The auditor will arrange a meeting with the Graincorp Limiteds executive to discuss regarding the staffs those will be engaged for the audit, areas that will be covered and analysed under the audit engagement and the availability of the information required for the purpose of audit. It is recognized from the business process and business management environment of Graincorp that they need the audit to assess the internal control effectiveness of the company. Further, they require the audit to review the true and fairness aspect of the company with regard to the financial statements of the company. The audit is further required to comment on the the conceptual framework and the accounting standards followed by the company while preparing their financial statement. Understanding the business process as well as the business industry of the client Before proceeding for the audit plan and audit, the audit firm NY must search about the industry that is the agri-business industry, in which the business of the client relates. Moreover, the auditor shall gather information regarding the business operation processes and treatment of intangible assets of the client to suggest the best available option to the company. For this purpose, the auditor mast collect information regarding the clients External as well as the internal environment related to the business Business operations and the procedures Governing regulations and management aspect Objectives and the business approaches of the client Performance measurement of the client It is recognized from the research of agribusiness that the agribusiness and food industry in Australia is one of the major part of the Australian economy and they contribute a significant part to the regional economy areas through providing service, business and employment opportunities (Pike et al., 2016). Further, the competitiveness agenda and industry innovation of Australian Government identified the agribusiness and food industry as an area of the competitive strength for the country and it prioritizes is as the growth industry through the growth centre of agri-business and food industry. Analysing the clients business risk While preparing the audit planning, the auditor shall apply strategic approaches to assess the risks associated with the business of the client and find out the basis for evaluating the error, fraud and material misstatement associated with the clients business, if any. Further, the following aspects must be confirmed by the management of Graincorp Limited that They communicated with the audit committee as well as with the auditor about the significant lack in the internal control system and the material weakness, if any. The disclosure process of the financial statement and the internal controls are in place to assure regarding the major business risk. It is recognized that the agribusiness sector in Australia is loaded with various risks and to maintain sustainability of Graincorp Limited, the risk management approach specifically for dealing with the investment risk and improving the opportunities towards asset acquisition and improvement in investment access play major role as it will support the rural communities and enhance the growth of agribusiness sector in international as well as domestic markets (Costan Popa, 2017). Apart from this, Graincorp is also exposed to the fluctuation threat with regard to income loss for the primary producers; the expected impact on the trading loss on the economy of Australia is a serious issue that require more attention from the management who are responsible for preparing the policies for international as well as national level of business Performance of preliminary analytical procedure Under the analytical procedure the financial performance of the client company is measured through various ratios and is compared with the industry average. The performance will then be compared with the previous years performance of the company to analyse the performance trend. Ratio calculation Ratio Formula Result 2016 2015 Profitability ratios Net profit ratio Net profit / sales 0.74% 0.79% Return on equity Net income / shareholder's equity 1.77% 1.76% Liquidity ratio Current ratio Current assets / current liabilities 1.56 1.72 Liquid ratio Liquid assets / Current liabilities 0.99 1.08 Leverage ratio Debt ratio Total liabilities / total assets 0.51 0.50 Debt to equity ratio Total liabilities / total equity 1.05 1.02 Analysis of financial performance It is identified from the above ratios that the net profit ratio of Graincorp Limited is only 0.74% in 2016 as compared to 0.79% in 2015. Further, the return on the shareholders equity of the company is only 1.76% and 1.77% respectively. Therefore, the profitability position of the company is under risk and the reason behind this must be found out. Considering the liquidity ratio of the company it is identified that the company is in a good position to pay off their short term liabilities with the available current assets (Gurov Milgunova, 2016). However, it must be analysed that whether the company is using its working capital efficiently or not. Looking into the leverage ratio of the company it is found that the creditor and the investor almost has the equal right on the asset of the company. Therefore, it indicates that Graincorp Limited is highly leveraged and the auditor must look into these areas and shall include the fact under audit planning. Audit test Considering the business processes and operating environment of Graincorp Limited, it is suggested that the auditor shall apply the Analytical test approach for carrying out the audit of Graincorp Limited (Jans, Alles Vasarhelyi, 2014). Under the analytical test, the performance of the company for the current year will be analysed through various ratios like profitability ratio, leverage ratio and liquidity ratio and the performance will be compared with the companys previous years performance. Moreover, under this approach the revenues as well as the expenses of the companies for the current year will be analysed and will be compared with that of the previous year (Arens et al., 2016). References Arens, A. A., Elder, R. J., Beasley, M. S., Hogan, C. E. (2016). Auditing and assurance services. Pearson. Chou, D. C. (2015). Cloud computing risk and audit issues.Computer Standards Interfaces,42, 137-142. Costan, L., Popa, S. (2017, May). The Company's Internal Audit Seen as a Piece of a Complex System. InControl Systems and Computer Science (CSCS), 2017 21st International Conference on(pp. 371-374). IEEE. Graincorp.com.au. (2016).Reports. 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